BACKGROUND Nodding syndrome (repetitive nodding and progressive generalized seizures) is assuming epidemic proportions in South Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda. OBJECTIVE To describe clinical and epidemiological features of nodding syndrome in southern Sudan based on preliminary investigations conducted in 2001 and 2002. METHOD Household surveys, clinical, electrophysiological (EEG) assessments,...

Adductor spasmodic dysphonia is a vocal disorder of uncertain etiology with no satisfactory long-term treatment. Recently, injection of botulinum toxin (Botax) into the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle has been used as an effective temporary treatment. A surgical counterpart to bilateral TA Botox injection is described in this article. Bilateral thyroarytenoid denervation was performed through a wind...

OBJECTIVE We sought to describe the results of ansa cervicalis to recurrent laryngeal nerve (ansa-RLN) reinnervation for unilateral vocal fold paralysis. STUDY DESIGN A chart review was performed on patients undergoing ansa-RLN reinnervation for unilateral vocal cord paralysis at a tertiary care center. Patient perceptions of preoperative and postoperative voice quality was surveyed. Acoustic...

are a dominant species in the study area and usually parasitize a variety of wild and domestic animals. These ticks often feed on humans as alternative hosts. Because this Roseomonas sp. is not a common pathogen, its role in public health and veterinary medicine is unkown. Phenotypic characterization of the isolates indicated similarities with previously reported Roseomonas spp. Phylogenetic an...

An aerobic, Gram-negative bacterial strain, TH-G33T, was isolated from freshwater sediment of Taihu Lake in China. The taxonomy of strain TH-G33T was studied by using phenotypic and phylogenetic methods. Cells of strain TH-G33T were coccoid rods or rods and formed colourless to pale-pink colonies on nutrient agar. Phylogenetic analysis based on nearly complete 16S rRNA gene sequences showed tha...

Human Onchocerciasis, caused by infection the filarial nematode Onchocerca volvulus , is a neglected public health disease that affects millions of people in endemic regions sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. It also called river blindness because Blackflies transmit breeds rapidly flowing fresh water streams rivers. This review features state-of-the-art data on parasite, its endobacteria Wo...