site selection is an important and necessary issue for waste management in fast-growing regions. because of the complexity of waste management systems, the selection of the appropriate solid waste landfill site requires consideration of multiple alternative solutions and evaluation criteria. this paper addresses the sitting of a new landfill using a multi-criteria decision analysis (mcda) and o...

We prove that the number of tile types required to build squares of size n× n, in Winfree’s abstract Tile Assembly Model, when restricted to using only non-cooperative tile bindings, is at least 2n− 1, which is also the best known upper bound. Non-cooperative self-assembly, also known as “temperature 1”, is where tiles bind to each other if they match on one or more sides, whereas in cooperativ...