Opinion-based questionnaires on Likert scales are commonly used in assessing health care utilization, facilitating factors and barriers. There is a need to set up a cut-off point in them to arrive at a conclusion. It is also important to set up a cut-off point on overall items in Likert scalebased questionnaires used for assessing Knowledge, Attitude and Practice. In this article, we show how t...

We show that the celebrated 1956 Lax-Richtmyer linear theorem in Numerical Analysis-often called the Fundamental Theorem of Numerical Analysis-is in fact wrong. Here " wrong " does not mean that its statement is false mathematically, but that it has a limited practical relevance as it misrepresents what actually goes on in the numerical analysis of partial differential equations. Namely, the as...

to diffusion, a convection term is present. Our overall aim is to look at the effect of convection on the existence and What is the long-time effect of adding convention to a discretised reaction-diffusion equation? For linear problems, it is well known stability of the true and spurious fixed points. that convection may denormalise the process, and, in particular, The potential denormalising e...

generally, the evaluation and assessment critical condition of rill formation are useful for a better understanding of soil erosion processes. the inherence characteristics of soils, which have much dynamic variations on the hill-slopes and are affected by rill formation, are the soil critical shear stress and soil erodibility factors. this study aims to assess experimental rill incision thresh...

On the fixed-point implementation of digital filters, undesirable finite-word-length (FWL) effects arise due to the coefficient truncation and arithmetic roundoff. These FWL effects must be reduced as small as possible because such effects may cause serious degradation of characteristic of digital filters. L2-sensitivity is one of the evaluation functions which evaluate the coefficient quantiza...

In this study, we describe synthesis, characterization, and zipper assembly of yellow p-oligophenyl naphthalenediimide (POP-NDI) donor-acceptor hybrids. Moreover, we disclose, for the first time, results from the functional comparison of zipper and layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly as well as quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and molecular modeling data on zipper ass...

Cultural ecosystem service (CES) constitutes a growing field of researches in integrated land planning, among which is how to optimize the provision to nearby neighborhoods. Thus an understanding of the value of CES appreciated by residents needs to be developed. Stated preference methods are popular in valuing CES, among which, willingness to pay (WTP) is the most widely used way. But still, i...

In this Part II of this paper we first refine the analysis of error-free vector transformations presented in Part I. Based on that we present an algorithm for calculating the rounded-to-nearest result of s := ∑ pi for a given vector of floatingpoint numbers pi, as well as algorithms for directed rounding. A special algorithm for computing the sign of s is given, also working for huge dimensions...

The arithmetic performed in a machine involves numbers with only a finite number of digits, with the results that many calculations are performed with approximate representations of the actual numbers. In typical computer, only a relatively small subset of the real number system is used for the representation of all real numbers. This subset contains only rational numbers, both positive and neg...