Subconjunctival hemorrhage is a benign disorder that is a common cause of acute ocular redness. The major risk factors include trauma and contact lens usage in younger patients, whereas among the elderly, systemic vascular diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and arteriosclerosis are more common. In patients in whom subconjunctival hemorrhage is recurrent or persistent, further evaluation, ...

LEARNING OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this activity, participants will be able to: 1. Identify factors that contribute to ocular surface disorders among patients undergoing medical treatment for glaucoma. 2. Modify management to counter ocular surface disease in glaucoma patients. 3. Describe the main categories and clinical presentation of secondary glaucomas outside of the exfoliative and pi...

Dry eye disease and ocular surface disorders may be caused or worsened by viral agents. There are several known and suspected virus associated to ocular surface diseases. The possible pathogenic mechanisms for virus-related dry eye disease are presented herein. This review serves to reinforce the importance of ophthalmologists as one of the healthcare professional able to diagnose a potentially...

Eyes from cardiomyopathic hamsters (UM-X7.1 strain) were examined histologically for evidence of ocular defects. Changes observed included microphthalmia, scleral ectasia, scleral rupture, keratoconus, retinal detachment, retinal dysplasia, retinal fragmentation, retinal thinning, fibrosis of iris and ciliary body, ectopia lentis, and cataract formation. Lesions characteristic of cardiomyopathi...

purpose: controversy has recently risen about the presence of compensatory ocular countertorsion (coct) after head tilt. this study was performed to define the functional range of this phenomenon. methods: cycloplegic autorefraction was performed on 80 eyes with regular astigmatism 2d. objective autorefraction was performed in normal position, right and left head tilt positions of 5º, 10º, 15º,...

Recent advances in the gene map of inherited eye disorders: primary hereditary diseases of the retina, choroid, and vitreous The diagnosis and basic understanding ofmany genetic ocular disorders have been aided by the identification of the disease causing chromo-somal loci. These chromosomal loci have been mapped using the candidate gene or the positional cloning approaches. This review will fo...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mitochondrial disease is a heterogeneous group of energy metabolism disorders that present across all ages with a wide range of ocular or multisystemic manifestations. This review focuses on recent progress made toward understanding the various ophthalmologic manifestations of primary mitochondrial diseases and discusses the implications of mitochondrial dysfunction, placing p...

Aim: To study the demographic, clinical, and microbiological profile and the risk factors for graft infection following penetrating keratoplasty. Methods: 50 eyes of 50 consecutive patients with graft infection after an optical penetrating keratoplasty were included as cases; 50 eyes of 50 patients with no graft infection were included as controls. The main variables evaluated in this study inc...

Ocular inflammation has become a hot topic in ophthal-mology, involving also several areas of medicine: internal optic nerve. Management of ocular inflammation presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, ranging the etiology and prognosis from benign, self-limited conditions to organ-threatening disorders. Ocular inflammation is a component of eye surgery, sometimes leading to its complicat...