It is well known that ocular bioavailability after topical instillation is extremely low compared with the other administration including oral administration, transdermal application, vitreous injection, and implantable delivery. The ocular bioavailability is also affected by a variety of pharmaceutical factors such as formulation viscosity and the particle size of suspension, and so on. In spi...

Poor ocular bioavailability of drugs (<1%) from conventional eye drops (i.e., solution, suspension, and ointments) is mainly due to the physiologic barriers of the eye. In general, ocular efficacy is closely related to ocular drug bioavailability, which may be enhanced by increasing corneal drug penetration and prolonging precorneal drug residence time. In our current work, we developed a collo...

Trachoma, caused by the intracellular bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct), remains the world's leading preventable infectious cause of blindness. Recent attempts to develop effective vaccines rely on modified chlamydial antigen delivery platforms. As the mechanisms engaged in the pathology of the disease are not fully understood, designing a subunit vaccine specific to chlamydial antigens coul...

Hydrogels, as crosslinked polymeric three dimensional networks, possess unique structure and behavior in response to the internal and/or external stimuli. As a result, they offer great prospective applications in drug delivery, cell therapy and human tissue engineering. Here, we highlight the potential of hydrogels in prolonged intraocular drug delivery and ocular surface therapy using stem cel...

members, healthcare plans, ophthalmic clinics, and workplace productivity due to health-related absenteeism. The cost of prescription medicines for ocular allergy was estimated at over $200 million in the US in 2002, with a projected rise of 25% per year as prescription medicines continue to improve and show benefit over less efficacious over-the-counter products. Ocular inflammatory conditions...

Background Allergic rhinitis (AR) patients often present with a predominant symptom. Nasal congestion and ocular symptoms have the greatest negative impact on patients’ quality of life [1]. Our aim was to assess the efficacy of MP29-02* (a novel intranasal formulation of azelastine hydrochloride [AZE] and fluticasone propionate [FP] in an advanced delivery system) in seasonal AR (SAR) patients ...

Delivery of the drug to ocular area is blocked by protective layers covering eyes; it has always been a major problem find effective bioavailability active in due short duration precorneal majority stay. Direct delivery systems combine as well oil, solution, and suspension, result, many are not able effectively treat eye diseases. Many works have done being overcome this one which use in-situ b...

Physiological changes during pregnancy involve changes to the interior of the eye and to the outer ocular surface. Among the pathological alterations, several are related to gestational hypertension, such as, central serous retinopathy and occlusive vascular diseases, in addition to the evolution of preexisting pathologies. Likewise, the administration of ocular drugs, depending on the route, m...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to develop a self-aggregated nanoparticulate vehicle using an amphiphilic poly(lactic acid)-grafted-chitosan (PLA-g-CS) copolymer and to evaluate its potential for ocular delivery of amphotericin B. METHODS A PLA-g-CS copolymer was synthesized via a "protection-graft-deprotection" procedure and its structure was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared ...