Forecasting of wave height is necessary in a large number of ocean coastal activities. Recently, neural networks are used for prediction and approximation of wave heights in sea and ocean due to their great convergence rate. In this paper a cascade correlation neural network is used for prediction of wave heights at given times due to the useful capability of this network for prediction and app...

Ocean wind and wave parameters can be measured by in-situ sensors such as anemometers and buoys. Since the 1980s, X-band marine radar has evolved as one of the remote sensing instruments for such purposes since its sea surface images contain considerable wind and wave information. The maturity and accuracy of X-band marine radar wind and wave measurements have already enabled relevant commercia...

Nowadays, spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has become a powerful tool for providing significant wave height. Traditionally, validation of SAR derived ocean wave height has been carried out against buoy measurements or model outputs, which only yield a inter-comparison, but not an ‘absolute’ validation. In this study, the triple collocation error model has been introduced in the validat...

In the ocean, wind-generated kinetic energy (KE) manifests itself primarily in balanced currents and near-inertial waves. The dynamics of these flows is strongly constrained by the Earth’s rotation, causing the KE in balanced currents to follow an inverse cascade but also preventing wave-wave interactions from fluxing energy in the near-inertial band to lower frequencies and higher vertical wav...

Using linear wave theory, the rate at which energy is converted into internal gravity waves by the interaction of the barotropic tide with topography in an ocean is calculated. Bell’s formula for the conversion rate is extended to the case of an ocean of finite depth H with weak two-dimensional topography h(x, y) and arbitrary buoyancy frequency N(z). Approximate solutions are computed using th...

The 2004 Sumatra tsunami propagated throughout the World Ocean and was clearly recorded by tide gauges on the Atlantic coast of South America. A total of 17 tsunami records were found and subsequently examined for this region. Tsunami wave heights and arrival times are generally consistent with numerical modeling results. Maximum wave heights of more than 1.2 m were observed on the coasts of Ur...

Evolutionary computing techniques were used to understand and model the time series observations of environmental parameters recorded by buoys on the ocean surface. The environmental parameters such as sea surface temperature, air temperature and surface wave height etc. are important in understanding the ocean characteristics and any suitable model that can forecast or predict the trend to any...

This study focuses on how wave–current and wave–turbulence interactions modify the transport of buoyant particles in the ocean. Here the particles can represent oil droplets, plastic particles, or plankton such as fish eggs and larvae. Using the General Ocean Turbulence Model (GOTM), modified to take surface wave effects into account, we investigate how the increased mixing by wave breaking and...

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has been recognized as a powerful tool for modeling ocean waves and forecasting over an area of 300 km x 300 km. The quantitative descriptors of the ocean surface wave properties such as wave height and wave slope spectra can retrieve from several satellite SAR missions, such as ENVISAT ASAR data.The retrieving techniques of sea surface quantitative descriptors in...