background: determination of organic pollutants usually requires extraction of the pollutants from samples, using hazard­ous solvent. solid phase micro-extraction (spme) is a solvent-free equilibrium extraction method, in which, proper calibra­tion can allow quantitative measurements of organic pollutants at a very good sensitivity without the use of any organic sol­vent. because individual voc...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether exposures in the workplace to organic solvents and to other agents, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, are associated with increased risks of developing postmenopausal breast cancer. METHODS Between 1996 and 1997 a case-control study was conducted in Montreal, Quebec. Cases comprised 556 women, aged 50-75 years, with incident malignant breast cancer, and ...

The recent passage of the Occupational Diseases Prevention and Control Act of 2002 (ODPCAct) in China and the new occupational exposure limits signify the Chinese government's commitment to improve the environment of the workplace and to eradicate preventable occupational diseases. The effectiveness of the ODPCAct, however, will depend on not only implementation and enforcement but also educati...

but policies based on freedom of choice divorced from an awareness of the broader social context have the potential to favour the wealthy, the highly educated, and the genetically healthy. Not everyone, for example, has the choice about where they are going to work—lack of skills, lack of mobility, living in an area of high unemployment, and so on may make it impossible for those who are reject...

The evaluation of occupational exposures in epidemiological studies is complex because of the multiple potential exposures in the workplace, the varying determinants of exposure between people, the many jobs people hold in a lifetime, and the different reasons for taking or leaving a job. Mannetje and Kromhout 1 show that beyond these well-recognized difficulties there are several more basic is...

Guidelines for antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis following high-risk exposure (postexposure prophylaxis— PEP) to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) date to 1990, when the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) first considered such recommendations for persons with occupational exposures to HIV [1]. The US Public Health Service also issued recommendations focused on occupational expo...

BACKGROUND In response to occupational and environmental exposures, cough can be an isolated symptom reflecting exposure to an irritant with little physiological consequence, or it can be a manifestation of more significant disease. This document reviews occupational and environmental contributions to chronic cough in adults, focusing on aspects not previously covered in the 2006 ACCP Cough Gui...

This article is a discussion of occupational cancer in Italy. The introduction provides the necessary context of Italian industrialization and occupational health regulation. This is followed by a review of Italian epidemiologic studies of occupational cancer risks considered in terms of relative measures of risk and attributable risk of carcinogenic agents or exposure circumstances. We attempt...

the incidence of brain neoplasm has been progressively increasing in recent years in the industrialized countries. one of the reasons for this increased incidence could be better access to health care and improved diagnosis in the industrialized countries. it also appears that caucasians have a higher incidence than blacks or hispanics or asians. a number of risk factors have been identified an...

tire manufacturing industry has a history of more than half a century in iran, where 14 thousand workers are employed. the old and semi-automated processes equipment, backward technology, and raw materials impurity lead to significant exposures to occupational carcinogens such as benzene. this study was to assessment of benzene exposures and evaluation the resulting cancer risk in two tire-manu...