Introduction and shoulder belts (type 2 seat belts) help to reduce the risk of injury due to im­ vehicle interior and occupant. Seat belts also help distribute restraining forces Seat belts are the primary occupant pacts with vehicle interior components or over sturdy skeletal areas of the body. restraint system in passenger vehicles. ejection. Seat belts provide occupant However, the effective...

This paper presents a new multilevel one-cycle control (OCC) technique for five-level diode-clamped converter (DCMC)-based static VAR compensator (STATCOM). The OCC algorithm in combination with multi-carrier level-shifted PWM is used the proposed DCMC-based STATCOM. automatic dc link voltage balance simply realized by four compensators presented as part of controller. In this principle two-lev...

A dual-mode demand control ventilation strategy was established targeting at use in buildings where the number of occupants varies frequently. The 4rst contaminant chosen for sensor control is CO2 and the second is a non-occupant-related indoor pollutant which indicates the demand of fresh air to dilute the non-occupant-related indoor contaminants. Experiments were conducted to verify the perfo...

This paper presents a stochastic model for emergency evacuation simulation such as for a subway station. The model, MCEVAC was developed using Monte Carlo and a macro-simulation technique; the model includes a number of random variables, such as occupant load, initial occupant load, and pre-evacuation time. A random event of a train fire including fire location, fire growth rate, and the effect...

Despite considerable improvements in frontal impact crashworthiness, frontal crashes still account for a major number of front seat occupant fatalities in Great Britain. This study attempted to determine the remaining potential for further fatality reduction with passive safety improvements in frontal crashes. No evidence was found to support an increase in crash test speeds. Instead, assessmen...

Rollover is not the most common type of accident, but the consequences may be serious. Understanding of the injury mechanisms during the complex rollover movement is limited and requires further investigation. ln-depth investigations of 21 Volvo cars involved in rollover crashes were analysed with regards to cause and outcome. Detailed information was examined about the crash scenario, the road...

The main concern about the bi-directional AC-DC converter is to maintain utility power factor near to unity. One Cycle Controller (OCC) is one of the outstanding control techniques to control these power electronic converters. One Cycle Controller comprises one integrator with reset along with a few linear components like analog comparators, flip-flops, and a clock. This paper presents a hardwa...

In a laboratory crash test, the injuries of occupants, such as Head Injure Criterion (HIC), Nij, Combined Thorax Index (CTI) etc., can be obtained and transferred to the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS). The calculated AIS value usually represents the severity of injury and can be adopted to evaluate the safety of the test vehicle. However, the AIS cannot reflect the medical resources consumed du...

Indexing highly repetitive texts — such as genomic databases, software repositories and versioned text collections — has become an important problem since the turn of the millennium. A relevant compressibility measure for repetitive texts is r, the number of runs in their Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT). One of the earliest indexes for repetitive collections, the Run-Length FMindex, used O(r) s...