We explore two split incentive issues between owners and occupants of residential dwellings: heating or cooling incentives are suboptimal when the occupant does not pay for energy use, and insulation incentives are suboptimal when the occupant cannot perfectly observe the owner's insulation choice. We empirically quantify the effect of these two market failures and how they affect behavior in C...

Tempered windshields commonly used in Europe have been shown to be related to the relatively high incidence of ocular injuries. Although windshields of the High Penetration Resistant (HPR) type in cars in North America are not at all significantly involved in ocular injuries, still about 50 % of the injuries of the eye area are caused by glass. The HPR windshield probably is the main reason for...

INTRODUCTION: The potential for harm following low speed rear-end impact for cervical total disc replacement patients is yet unknown. These are among the most common motor vehicle accidents. With FDA approval and as widespread implantation becomes reality, questions of occupant safety must be addressed. Previous studies have tested the cervical spine using isolated head-neck specimens. Yet, suc...

The buildings are usually divided into two categories in light of whether obstacles exist: the large space with no obstacles (C-type buildings) and the complex buildings with lots of obstacles (L-type buildings). In this paper, considering the aisle region attraction factor, we proposed a revised model which is suitable to simulate the evacuation process in the L-type buildings (such as classro...

Mixed-mode” refers to a hybrid approach to space conditioning that uses a combination of natural ventilation from operable windows (either manually or automatically controlled), and mechanical systems that provide air distribution and some form of cooling (air-conditioning, radiant cooling, etc.). By utilizing mechanical cooling only when and where it is necessary to supplement the natural vent...

Traditional ventilation and air conditioning systems typically operate on a predetermined schedule with fixed operating parameters. Occupant-centric control (OCC) strategies have been proposed to reduce system operation energy consumption without sacrificing thermal comfort. Indoor occupancy detection in real time is critical step successfully implementing the OCC strategy. Thus, deep learning-...