Background and Purpose: Airborne fungi are one of the most important agents responsible for triggering allergic reactions such as rhinitis and severe asthma. This study was conducted to analyze and monitor the prevalence and distribution patterns of atmospheric fungal aerosols in the air of Qazvin during winter of 2012. Materials and Methods: In the current descriptive study, the incidence ...

Adult Lepidoptera are capable of associative learning. This helps them to forage flowers or to find suitable oviposition sites. Larval learning has never been seriously considered because they have limited foraging capabilities and usually depend on adults as concerns their food choices. We tested if Spodoptera littoralis larvae can learn to associate an odor with a tastant using a new classica...

Cyanobacteria form a very large and diverse phylum of prokaryotes that perform oxygenic photosynthesis. Many species of cyanobacteria live colonially in long trichomes of hundreds to thousands of cells. Of the filamentous species, many are also motile, gliding along their long axis, and display photomovement, by which a trichome modulates its gliding according to the incident light. The latter ...

The spreading dynamics of surfactant-laden droplets have been studied for both solid and thin liquid substrates. In general, the presence of a surfactant modifies the contact line dynamics due to the Marangoni effect, which creates a surface tension gradient and thus generates pattern-forming instabilities. To determine the effects of varying substrate mobility from a liquid to a solid, we exam...

Background. The presence of horse allergen in public places is not well-known, unlike for instance cat and dog allergens, which have been studied extensively. The aim was to investigate the presence of horse allergen in schools and to what extent the influence of number of children with regular horse contact have on indoor allergen levels. Methods. Petri dishes were used to collect airborne dus...

Arauz, L. F., and Sutton, T. B. 1989. Influence of temperature and moisture on germination of ascospores and conidia of Botryosphaeria obtusa. Phytopathology 79:667-674. Maximum germination of conidia of Botryosphaeria obtusa occurred requirements for germination. Requirements for ascospore germination in free water and declined as relative humidity (RH) was reduced from were similar to those f...