We explore proton decay in a class of realistic supersymmetric flipped $SU(5)$ models supplemented by $U(1)_R$ symmetry which plays an essential role implementing hybrid inflation. Two distinct neutrino mass models, based on inverse seesaw and type I seesaw, are identified, with the latter arising from breaking nonrenormalizable superpotential terms. Depending model appropriate set intermediate...

Nowadays there are different kinds of attacks on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). As FPGAs are used in many different applications, its security becomes an important concern, especially in Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Hardware Trojan Horse (HTH) insertion is one of the major security threats that can be implemented in unused space of the FPGA. This unused space is unavoidable to ...

The naphtha reforming process converts low-octane gasoline blending components to high-octane components for use in high-performance gasoline fuels. The reformer also has an important function as the producer of hydrogen to the refinery hydrotreaters. A process model based on a unit model structure, is used for estimation of the process condition using data reconciliation. Measurements are clas...