Background: Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is the most commonly used system for restoring functions after spinal cord injury (SCI). Objective: In this study we investigated feedback PID and feedforward-feedback P-PID controllers for regulating the elbow joint angle. Methods: The controllers were tuned based on a nonlinear muculoskeletal model containing two links, one joint with one de...

this paper presents a framework for long term transmission expansion planning in competitive, electricity markets. transmission lines and phase shifters are taken into account as expansion options. maximization of the network users' benefits, with satisfying security constraints are considered as the criterion for transmission expansion planning. the elements of the objective function are the...

In this study, position control of a SCARA robot manipulator is investigated using the sliding mode (SMC) method based on parameter optimization The Bees Algorithm. modeling conducted in MSC Adams and implementation carried out MATLAB software. numerical model acquired by setting up virtual prototype addition, inverse kinematic equations are formed Matlab/Simulink software order to check accura...

resource limitation in zero time may cause to some profitable projects not to be selected in project selection problem, thus simultaneous project portfolio selection and scheduling problem has received significant attention. in this study, budget, investment costs and earnings are considered to be stochastic. the objectives are maximizing net present values of selected projects and minimizing v...

in this paper, a novel mathematical model for a preemption multi-mode multi-objective resource-constrained project scheduling problem with distinct due dates and positive and negative cash flows is presented. although optimization of bi-objective problems with due dates is an essential feature of real projects, little effort has been made in studying the p-mmrcpsp while due dates are included i...

Abstract The cloud computing systems are sorts of shared collateral structure which has been in demand from its inception. In these systems, clients able to access existing services based on their needs and without knowing where the service is located how it delivered, only pay for used. Like other there challenges system. Because a wide array variety available this system, can be said that iss...