The history of a number of industries is marked by a succession of eras, associated with different dominant technologies. Within any era, industry concentration tends to grow. Particular eras are broken by the introduction of a new technology which, while initially inferior to the established one in the prominent uses, has the potential to become competitive. In many case new entrants survive a...

In this report we review the literature on the relationship between ICT and productivity. In Sect. 1 we discuss in broad terms thetheoretical relationship between ICT and productivity, while in Sect. 2 we present the growth accounting methodology, whichtries to measure the contributions to growth from difference sources (ICT and non ICT capital, human capital, total factorproduc...

Phototrophic and heterotrophic nanoplankton (PNAN, HNAN; 2–20 mm protists) and microplankton (PMIC, HMIC; 20–200 mm protists and micrometazoa) are major taxa involved in partitioning carbon and energy within the pelagic food web. In the Ross Sea, Antarctica, plankton biomass appears to be controlled by the seasonal recession of the sea ice and the formation of the Ross Sea polynya during the sh...

We agree with CHOUDHURY et al. [1] that more patients (18–20%) could be managed at home by family practitioners with the application of current guidelines, but we would like to comment that a greater number of patients (approximately 60%) could be managed at home with additional supported home-based care. As described by the authors, factors other than disease severity often prompt hospital adm...

INTRODUCTION This chapter addresses the management of BP in adult CKD patients (specifically non-dialysis-dependent CKD [CKD ND]) without diabetes mellitus. There is overlap with BP management in the elderly (defined as persons 465 years of age or as persons with CKD and aging-related co-morbid conditions). In the elderly in particular and to a lesser extent in younger CKD patients, these co-mo...

The relationship between research productivity and economic growth is the subject of information science which deals in this study to examine the impact of number of publications, research & development (R&D) expenditures and researchers involved in R&D activities on economic growth in the World’s largest regions for the period of 1980–2011. The study further expanded the research-growth nexus ...

Circulating serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels reflect the net contribution of food and supplement intake as well as skin production through sun exposure, and are widely accepted as the standard to assess for individual adequacy or insufficiency. Recent work has demonstrated the pleiotropic effects of vitamin D on cellular differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. Vita...

I n the modern competitive world, Research and Development (R&D) and its overflowing technologies are the main basis of innovation, which in turn, can be determined as an important source of economic growth. Investing in research activities can help firms with different technological levels, especially high-tech industries to improve their productivity. This paper aims to analyze the...

The rho proteins, p21 ~ , are ubiquitously expressed guanine nucleotide binding proteins with ,'o30% amino acid homology to p21'% but their biochemical function is unknown. We show here that microinjection of constitutively activated recombinant rho protein (Vall4rho) into subconfluent cells induces dramatic changes in cell morphology: 15-30 min after injection cells adopt a distinct and novel ...