The applicability of the Parareal parallel-in-time integration scheme for the solution of a linear, two-dimensional hyperbolic acoustic-advection system, which is often used as a test case for integration schemes for numerical weather prediction (NWP), is addressed. Parallel-in-time schemes are a possible way to increase, on the algorithmic level, the amount of parallelism, a requirement arisin...

There are well-known difficulties to run numerical weather prediction (NWP) and climate models at resolutions traditionally referred to as ‘grey-zone’ ( 3 8 km) where deep convection is neither completely resolved by the model dynamics nor completely subgrid. In this study, we describe the performance of an operational NWP model, HARMONIE, in a climate setting (HCLIM), run at two different reso...

The development of high-resolution nonhydrostatic models and the rapid increase of computer power are making the explicit prediction of thunderstorms a reality (Droegemeier 1990; Lilly 1990; Droegemeier 1997; Xue et al. 2003, X03 hereafter). Data assimilation plays an important role in providing an accurate initial condition for the model forecast. The operational US WSR88D Doppler radar networ...

Three wind gust estimation (WGE) methods implemented in the numerical weather prediction (NWP) model COSMO-CLM are evaluated with respect to their forecast quality using skill scores. Two methods estimate gusts locally from mean wind speed and the turbulence state of the atmosphere, while the third one considers the mixing-down of high momentum within the planetary boundary layer (WGE Brasseur)...

The α4 integrin subunit associates with β7 and β1 and plays important roles in immune function and cell trafficking. The gut-homing receptor α4β7 has been recently described as a new receptor for HIV. Here, we describe polymorphisms of ITGA4 gene in New World primates (NWP), and tested their impact on the binding to monoclonal antibodies, natural ligands (MAdCAM and VCAM), and several gp120 HIV...

Although the first successful numerical weather prediction (NWP) project led by Charney and von Neumann is widely known, little known international community about development of NWP during 1950s in China. Here, a detailed historical perspective on early experiments China provided. The leadership late Professor Chen-Chao Koo, protégé C. G. Rossby at University Stockholm 1940s key leader modern ...

Introduction Advanced infrared sounders, such as the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS, launched on board the Aqua satellite in May 2002) and the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) scheduled to be on board the first operational European polar-orbiting satellite Metop, measure or will measure radiation in many thousands of channels. They have the potential to provide atmospheri...

BACKGROUND Sexual violence against children is increasing at an alarming rate in South Africa. In 2010 the South African Police Service (SAPS) reported 21 538 rape cases of children under 18 years. In the North-West province (NWP) 5039 incidents of rape cases were reported in 2009. Mothers often experience emotional pain following child sexual abuse disclosure. It is seldom acknowledged that th...

The availability of new observational data from field programs has yielded new insights into the relationships between cloud microphysics and cloud radiative effects. Tests in single-column mode, carried out in the maritime tropics, in polar regions, and in mid-latitudes, have shown that parameterizations based on these new results can significantly reduce typical model biases in cloud-modulate...

In this work, we assess the performance of three probabilistic models for intra-day solar forecasting. More precisely, a linear quantile regression method is used to build three models for generating 1 h–6 h-ahead probabilistic forecasts. Our approach is applied to forecasting solar irradiance at a site experiencing highly variable sky conditions using the historical ground observations of sola...