In response to antibiotic and/or environmental stress, some species of bacteria shift to a "persister" phenotype. Although toxigenic Vibrio cholerae, responsible for the disease cholera, can be found in nutrient-poor aquatic environments in endemic areas, the underlying mechanism(s) by which culturable cells persist in these environmental reservoirs is largely unknown. Here we report that intro...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relation between nutrient intake and psychiatric functioning in adults with confirmed mood disorders. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted of the intake of major (that is, carbohydrates, fat, and protein) and minor (that is, vitamins and minerals) nutrients (from 3-day food records and a Food Frequency Questionnaire), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) sc...

The elemental ratios of marine phytoplankton emerge from complex interactions between the biotic and abiotic components of the ocean, and reflect the plastic response of individuals to changes in their environment. The stoichiometry of phytoplankton is, thus, dynamic and dependent on the physiological state of the cell. We present a theoretical model for the dynamics of the carbon, nitrogen and...

Context The rates and pathways of nutrient cycling through ecosystems depend on interactions between both bottom-up forces, including the chemical characteristics of biomass that influence its decomposition and consumption by higher trophic levels, and top-down forces, such as the nutritional requirements andmetabolic efficiencies of consumers and decomposers that influence their feeding and ex...

When allowed to choose between different macronutrients, most animals display a strong attraction toward carbohydrates compared with proteins. It remains uncertain, however, whether this food selection pattern depends primarily on the sensory properties intrinsic to each nutrient or, alternatively, metabolic signals can act independently of the hedonic value of sweetness to stimulate elevated s...

The marine chemistry of iodine has been studied in the marine lake, Mir, regarded as a natural reactor situated in the karstificated carbonate rocks of the Croatian Adriatic coast. The investigation covered the major variables: salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and alkalinity, some nutrients, organic carbon, and iodide, iodate and organic-I. Lake Mir was found to be meso-trophic, with...

Nutrition surveys based on a representative sample of the Malaysian adult population have hitherto not been reported. In 2003, the Ministry of Health, Malaysia, conducted the Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS), the first and largest nutrition survey in the country which aimed to provide detailed quantitative information on nutritional status, food and nutrient intakes, and physical activit...

The study of pattern formation in bacterial colonies is of particular interest both from the biological and physical points of view [1]. Growth and development of bacteria population shows a great variety of geometrical shapes. Adler [2-3] was the first to obtain bacterial population waves in the form of concentric circle. Golding et al. [4] are interested in the opposite case, where nutrient s...

Copepods have been considered capable of selective feeding based on several factors (i.e., prey size, toxicity, and motility). However, their selective feeding behaviour as a function of food quality remains poorly understood, despite the potential impact of such a process on copepod fitness and trophodynamics. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the ability of copepods to feed selectively acco...

Bacterial community activity and structure are thought to be directly or indirectly related to phytoplankton development and, in particular, to the phytoplankton species dominating specific algal blooms. To test this hypothesis, we performed a mesocosm experiment designed to generate blooms of different types of phytoplankton through the additions of silicate, urea and phosphorus to oligotrophi...