Abstract The individual or grouped retention of habitat trees in managed multiple-use forests has become an approach used to protect biodiversity-related structural attributes typically found old close-to-nature forests. This study focuses on the effect one such Baden-Württemberg, Germany, ten years after its introduction. Specifically, we asked: (1) How effective are tree groups (HTGs) at prov...

Reintroducing fire to manage vegetation and fuel may have poorly understood consequences for wildlife. Prescribed burning can reduce down wood and snags that provide critical habitat and mechanical thinning designed to reduce fire hazards may alter forest structures that are preferred by some species. Moreover, fine scale fuel treatments may alter wildlife and habitat dynamics within the larger...

Recent drought-induced dieback alters forest dynamics, which are also shaped by past management. In western Pyrenean silver fir (Abies alba) stands, concurs in space and time with the legacies of management, but impacts on growth, structure composition unknown. We aim to disentangle how interacts human use modulates recent dynamics forests. To this end, we sampled eleven forests across wide cli...

The system utilizes IoT, echolocation, picture handling, man-made brainpower, and route framework innovation to distinguish between close far snags for the client. If visually impaired individual falls or has another issue, will send an admonition assigned individual. It distinguishes object before this with a specific reach. At point when item is recognized signal sound given client as sign. W...

The concept of Lucky k-polynomials and in particular Lucky χ-polynomials was recently introduced. This paper introduces Stirling number of the fourth kind and Lucky partitions of a finite set in order to determine either the Lucky k- or Lucky χ-polynomial of a graph. The integer partitions influence Stirling partitions of the second kind.

CARACO, T. 1979a. Time budgeting and group size: a theory. Ecology 60:6 1 l-6 17. CARACO, T. 1979b. Time budgeting and group size: a test of theory. Ecology 60:6 18-627. CIMPRICH, D. A., AND T. C. GRUBB, JR. 1994. Consequences for Carolina Chickadees of foraging with Tufted Titmice in winter. Ecology 75:1615-1625. ELGAR, M. A. 1989. Predator vigilance and group size in mammals and birds: a crit...

because of reducing the number of spectators of football premier league, this study is seeking for identifying factors put the most impact on this decline. the statistical population consisted of all spectators in iran football premier league in 2015-16, out of which 395 spectators were randomly selected as the research samples. the data were collected via a researcher-made questionnaire. the f...

Airborne lidar is often used to calculate forest metrics about trees, but it may also provide a wealth of information the space between trees. Forest canopy gaps are defined by absence vegetative structure and serve important roles for wildlife, such as facilitating animal movement. occur around snags, keystone structures that substrates wildlife species breeding, roosting foraging. We wanted t...