Computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling has provided a number of important insights about the interplay between environmental tax policy and the pre-existing tax system. In this paper, we emphasize that a labor market policy of recycling tax revenues from an environmental tax to lower employers’ non-wage labor cost depends on how the costs of labor are modeled. We propose an approach, whi...

results the mean age in breathing technique with lavender and breathing technique alone were 25.5 ± 4.3 and 26 ± 4.9, respectively .two groups were comparable in this regards (p = 0.6), but the length of active phase in interventional group was 7.85 ± 3.85 hours and in the control group it was 9.88 ± 6.65 hours. the decrease of the length of labor in the active phase was higher in the experimen...

According to Steven Seidman, analysts of institutionalized heterosexuality have ‘focused exclusively on its role in regulating homosexuality’ and, while queer approaches theorize how ‘homosexuality gains its coherence in relation to heterosexuality, the impact of regimes of normative heterosexuality on heterosexuality has largely been ignored’ (2005: 40). Over the last decade and more, however,...

Violent deaths, kidnapping and extortion have spiked in Mexico’s border towns since 2004. Using a formal model and case studies from Mexico, I argue that such phenomena are partially explained by changes in the composition of illegal labor markets. Government permissiveness fostered territorial wars between Mexican drug cartels. To sustain such inter-cartel fights, drug leaders promoted the rec...

background: labor pain is one of the severest pains that cause many women request cesarean section for fear of pain. thus, controlling labor pain is a major concern of maternity care. nowadays, interest in non-pharmacological pain relief methods has been increased because of their lower side effects. the effects of discrete heat and cold on decreasing labor pain have been reported but there was...