introduction: oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases affecting chondrogenesis or the function of articular cartilage. the purpose of the present study was to find the effect of soybean extract on reduction of detoriation effects of oxidativestress in embryonic chondrogenesis in vitro. methods: in order to separate ectoderm from mesenchyme, the limb buds of ...

Epithelia from lung rudiments in which secondary bronchial buds are already established (14th and 13th gestational day for rat and mouse respectively) are able to undergo branching morphogenesis and cytodifferentiation in submandibular mesenchyme in vitro, whereas lung epithelium from one day younger foetuses rarely gives a morphogenetic response to submandibular mesenchyme and usually differen...

In mammals, taste receptor cells are organized into taste buds on tongue. Taste buds are trophically maintained by taste neurons and under continuous renewal, even in adults. We found that the receptor for Sonic hedgehog (Shh), Patched1 (Ptc), was expressed around taste buds where cells were proliferating, and that Shh was expressed within basal cells of taste buds. Denervation caused the loss ...

Polyploidy induction in German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) by herbicide trifluralin   Leila Karami1, Mohammad Modarresi2, Mohammad Amin Kohanmoo2, Fatemeh Zahabi Ahmadi2 & Saeed Irian3 1Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 7516913817, Iran; 2Department of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resourc...

The effect of 5-azacytidine (5-azaCR) on head regeneration and budding in hydra are reported. Hydra attenuata were exposed to various doses of 5-azaCR for 48 h and then decapitated and cultured. Head regeneration and bud formation were observed for 12 days after decapitation. Untreated control hydra regenerated heads within 7 to 8 days of decapitation with a budding index of 0.2. Buds invariabl...

Thinning of fruit trees is a commonly used technique for improving yield regularity and fruit quality. Since few effective chemical thinning agents are available, thinning is still mostly carried out through expensive manual labor. Thinning machines developed in recent years have demonstrated that automated thinning can be a viable alternative for the traditional methods and can yield economic ...

Taste buds are a heterogeneous population of cells exhibiting diverse morphological and biochemical characteristics. Because taste buds arise from multiple progenitors, the different types of taste cells may represent distinct lineages. The present study was undertaken to determine the following: (1) how many progenitors contribute to a taste bud, and (2) whether the specific subpopulation of s...