Ulrik Fischer Friis1, Jakob Dahlin2, Magnus Bruze2, Torkil Menné3 and Jeanne Duus Johansen1 1National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermato-Allergology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark, 2Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, University Hospital Malmö, 20502, Malmö, Sweden, and 3Department of Dermato-Allergology, Copenhagen University...

In the medulla oblongata of plethodontid salamanders, GABA-, glycine-, and glutamate-like immunoreactivity (ir) of neurons was studied. Combined tracing and immunohistochemical experiments were performed to analyze the transmitter content of medullary nuclei with reciprocal connections with the tectum mesencephali. The distribution of transmitters differed significantly between rostral and caud...

Midbrain periaqueductal gray mater area (PAG) receives some afferents from anterolateral system, frontal cortex, and hypothalamus that inhibit pain through its descending pathway that synapses medial raphe nuclus (mrph) and finally terminates on spinal cord enkephalinergic interneurons in layers II and III. In the present study, the role of Ca+2–channels located on medial raphe nucleus neurons ...

INTRODUCTION Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that develops after exposure to a life-threatening traumatic experience. Meta-analyses of the brainstem showed that midsagittal area of the pons was significantly reduced in patients with PTSD, suggesting a potential apoptosis in dorsal raphe nucleus after single-prolonged stress (SPS). The aim of this study is to investi...

Numerous physiological conditions and emotionally motivated behaviors require concomitant activation of somatomotor and sympathetic efferents. Using a virally mediated retrograde transsynaptic tract-tracing approach, we have previously determined locations of presympathetic-premotor neurons (PSPMNs) in the rat brainstem. These putative dual-function neurons send projections to somatomotor and s...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Tryptophan hydroxylase activity was assayed in cell-free extracts of rat brain base arteries as marker of a serotonergic innervation. METHODS Estimation of the enzymatic activity was made in untreated male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 53) and in those who underwent destruction of the dorsal and median raphe nuclei (n = 10). RESULTS Tryptophan hydroxylase activity was meas...

The recent introduction ofa number offluorescent retrograde axonal tracers that have different emission spectra (1,2,9,10,25,26) has permitted the investigation of possible collateral projections of senotonengic neurons. Extensive collateralization from single neurons in the raphe nuclei was expected given the widespread distribution ofserotonergic nerve terminals in the central nervous system ...

Theta rhythm in many brain structures characterizes wakefulness and desynchronized sleep in most subprimate mammalian brains. In close relation to behaviors, theta frequency and voltage undergo a fine modulation which may involve mobilization of dorsal raphe nucleus efferent pathways. In the present study we analyzed frequency modulation (through instantaneous frequency variation) of theta wave...