Three nuclear localization signals (NLS), including an unusual Mat alpha 2-like NLS from maize (Zea mays) R, were found to compete for binding to plant nuclei. In addition, the authentic yeast Mat alpha 2 NLS, which does not function in mammals, was shown to function in plants in vivo. Our results indicate that plants possess a site at the nuclear pore complex that recognizes the three known cl...

MAPK cascades can be negatively regulated by members of the MAPK phosphatase (MKP) family. However, how MKP activity is regulated is not well characterized. MKP-7, a JNK-specific phosphatase, possesses a unique COOH-terminal stretch (CTS) in addition to domains conserved among MKP family members. The CTS contains several motifs such as a nuclear localization signal, a nuclear export signal, PES...

The Ku antigen is a heteromeric (Ku70/Ku80), mostly nuclear protein. Ku participates in multiple nuclear processes from DNA repair to V(D)J recombination to telomere maintenance to transcriptional regulation and serves as a DNA binding subunit and allosteric regulator of DNA-dependent protein kinase. While some evidence suggests that subcellular localization of Ku may be subject to regulation, ...

PURPOSE Although the pathogenicity of B7-H4 in cancer is well established, its role in pulmonary adenocarcinoma, especially lesions presenting as solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs), remains unclear. METHODS 40 cases of pulmonary adenocarcinoma presenting with SPN were enrolled during year 2012-2015. The B7-H4 expression and its subcellular distribution in pulmonary adenocarcinoma presenting wi...

Many nuclear components participating in related pathways appear concentrated in specific areas of the mammalian nucleus. The importance of this organization is attested to by the dysfunction that correlates with mis-localization of nuclear proteins in human disease and cancer. Determining the sub-nuclear localization of proteins is therefore important for understanding genome regulation and fu...

The small GTPase Ran is the central regulator of macromolecular transport between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Recent work has suggested that RanGTP also plays an important role in regulating some intra-nuclear processes. In this study, we have investigated whether RanGTP is required for the intra-nuclear transport of RNAs. Specifically, we directly analyzed the nucleolar localization of Box ...

In Trichomonas vaginalis, a novel nuclear localization signal spanning the folded R2R3 DNA-binding domain of a Myb2 protein was previously identified. To study whether a similar signal is used for nuclear translocation by other Myb proteins, nuclear translocation of Myb3 was examined in this report. When overexpressed, hemagglutinin-tagged Myb3 was localized to nuclei of transfected cells, with...

Kap123, a major karyopherin protein of budding yeast, recognizes the nuclear localization signals (NLSs) of cytoplasmic histones H3 and H4 and translocates them into the nucleus during DNA replication. Mechanistic questions include H3- and H4-NLS redundancy toward Kap123 and the role of the conserved diacetylation of cytoplasmic H4 (K5ac and K12ac) in Kap123-mediated histone nuclear translocati...

The RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1 (adenosine deaminase that acts on RNA) is a bona fide nuclear enzyme that has been cloned from several vertebrate species. Putative nuclear localization signals (NLSs) have been identified in the aminoterminal regions of both human and Xenopus ADAR1. Here we show that neither of these predicted NLSs is biologically active. Instead, we could identify a short basic re...

The nuclear-cytoskeleton connection influences many aspects of cellular architecture, including nuclear positioning, the stiffness of the global cytoskeleton, and mechanotransduction. Central to all of these processes is the assembly and function of conserved SUN-KASH bridges, or LINC complexes, that span the nuclear envelope. Recent studies provide details of the higher order assembly and targ...