HNSCC (head and neck squamous cell carcinoma) is the sixth most common neoplasm worldwide (Cripps et al., 2010). Approximately 600,000 new cases are reported each year (Cripps et al., 2010), and in the past 30 years recurrent and/ or metastatic HNSCC has had a poor prognosis (Forastiere et al., 2001; Khuri et al., 2000). More than 50% of newly diagnosed patients do not achieve complete remissio...

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with its compact genome and tractable genetics, is a valuable model organism for the heterologous expression of mammalian proteins. In this letter, we show that phenotypic screening in yeast provides insight into the molecular basis of a human disease. Hailey–Hailey disease (HHD), or benign familial pemphigus, is an autosomal dominant intraepidermal blisterin...

The diagnosis of ND begins with its characterization as either a physiological or pathological condition (Simmons et al., 2003). Physiological discharge, often a manifestation of breast manipulation, is usually bilateral, is white or green, and emanates from many ducts (Simmons et al., 2003). Possible causes of persistent physiological discharge include oral contraceptives, antihypertensives, t...

The study of gut patterning provides a paradigm for the dissection of mechanisms involved in organogenesis. In mice and chick, the gut is derived from two endodermal folds, first the anterior intestinal portal and then later the caudal intestinal portal, that fuse ventrally and move towards each other, joining at the yolk stalk level (Grapin-Botton and Melton, 2000; Roberts, 2000). Concomitantl...

The computational assignment of three-dimensional structures to newly determined protein sequences is becoming an increasingly important element in experimental structure determination and in structural genomics (Fischer et al. 2001a). In particular, fold-recognition methods aim to predict approximate three-dimensional (3D) models for proteins bearing no evident sequence similarity to any prote...

Whether the job is waking the brain after a peaceful sleep, initiating gastric secretion when dinner is served or orchestrating the elements of inflammation after a mosquito bite, histamine has been a known biological messenger for decades (Green, 1964; Eichler and Farah, 1966). At the end of the twentieth century, in the midst of the genomics and bioinformatics revolution, researchers in this ...

Vertebrate hox genes, like their Drosophila counterparts the HOM-C genes, play essential roles during embryogenesis. For instance, their expression in overlapping domains along the anteroposterior (AP) axis provides a ‘hox code’ that specifies AP positional identity, and changes in hox gene expression lead to homeotic transformations in the AP axis, wherein anterior structures acquire the chara...

est in morning (Holt and Hilst, 1969; Orr et al., 1997; Barrett et al., 2001). Herbage SC and digestibility conHerbage soluble carbohydrate (SC) levels vary diurnally and livecentrations also vary seasonally, with generally higher stock intake can be higher for herbage harvested or allocated to animals in the evening than in the morning. Few assessments of SC SC levels in spring and lower level...

Since the early middle of last century, use of artificial robotic hands in the field of rehabilitation has been associated with prosthetic devices used for the therapy of upper limb deficiency. Artificial manipulators of the last century were used in general for industrial applications or for service tasks of telemanipulation. In the last three decades, service robotics developed very rapidly. ...

Attractin (ATRN, mahogany) is a gene involved in the regulation of pigmentation, body weight regulation and formation of the central nervous system in mammals (Gunn et al., 2001; He et al., 2001). Moreover, a soluble form of attractin found in humans is implicated in monocyte spreading and T-cell clustering (Duke-Cohan et al., 1998). In mice Atrn was mapped to MMU2, 73.9 cM (www.informatics.jax...