and Duox in the respiratory epithelium. The location of these ROS-generating enzymes in the barrier tissues has prompted the expectation of their participation in host defense against invading pathogens in these tissues. Indeed, recent studies have begun to support this expectation, demonstrating roles in bacterial killing, cytokine production, apoptosis, gene expression and signaling, includin...

Ozone is produced by chemical interactions involving nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds in the presence of sunlight. At high concentrations, ground-level ozone has been shown to be harmful to human health and to the environment. It has been recognized that ozone is a regional-scale problem and that regionwide control strategies would be needed to improve ozone air quality in t...

The sensitivity of ozone production to precursor emissions was investigated under five different meteorological conditions in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) during the MCMA-2006/MILAGRO field campaign using the gridded photochemical model CAMx driven by observation-nudged WRF meteorology. Precursor emissions were constrained by the comprehensive data from the field campaign and the ro...

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This paper is presented to study the combustion process and emissions in a direct injection diesel engine. Computations are carried out using a three-dimensional model for flows, sprays, combustion and emissions in Diesel engines. Interactions between combustion and emissions with flow field are considered and it is shown that soot mass fraction increases at regions with low turbulence inten...

Abstract This work evaluated the effect of cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on fuel consumption and pollutant emissions from a diesel engine fueled with B8 (a blend biodiesel no. 8:92% by volume), experimentally numerically. Experiments were carried out power generator varying loads 5 kW to 35 10% cold EGR ratio. Exhaust (e.g., total hydrocarbons (THCs), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon mono...

and Duox in the respiratory epithelium. The location of these ROS-generating enzymes in the barrier tissues has prompted the expectation of their participation in host defense against invading pathogens in these tissues. Indeed, recent studies have begun to support this expectation, demonstrating roles in bacterial killing, cytokine production, apoptosis, gene expression and signaling, includin...

High ambient ozone (O3) concentrations are a widespread and persistent problem globally. Although studies have documented the role of forests in removing O3 and one of its precursors, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), the cost effectiveness of using peri-urban reforestation for O3 abatement purposes has not been examined. We develop a methodology that uses available air quality and meteorological data an...

Nitric oxide (NO) may play important roles in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is an inflammatory disease involving joints and other systems including salivary glands. To assess NO production in RA patients, we compared levels of serum, urine, and salivary nitrite and nitrate (NOx) in patients with RA and normal subjects, and we examined the relationships of these measures to disease activity. Ser...