Impacts of sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) on three severe cold events (C1–C3) over Northern Hemisphere in early 2021 were investigated using subseasonal-to-seasonal ensemble forecasts. The SSW was characterized by successive displacement and split the polar vortex (SPV). Ensemble-based sensitivity analyses showed that C1 Siberia C2 western Canada more related to SPV variations at a lead tim...

Recent hunter-gatherers display much uniformity in the division of labor along the lines of gender and age. The complementary economic roles for men and women typical of ethnographically documented hunter-gatherers did not appear in Eurasia until the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic. The rich archaeological record of Middle Paleolithic cultures in Eurasia suggests that earlier hominins pursue...

BACKGROUND The modern human colonization of Eurasia and Australia is mostly explained by a single-out-of-Africa exit following a southern coastal route throughout Arabia and India. However, dispersal across the Levant would better explain the introgression with Neanderthals, and more than one exit would fit better with the different ancient genomic components discovered in indigenous Australian...

The northern biotype of Echinococcus granulosus occurs throughout the holarctic zones of tundra and taiga, from eastern Fennoscandia to the Bering Strait in Eurasia and in North America from arctic Alaska approximately to the northern border of the United States. The cycle of the cestode is complex in taiga at lower latitudes, because of the greater diversity of potential hosts. In the Arctic a...

Ten North Temperate taxa representing diverse angiosperm lineages were analyzed for biogeographic histories using the dispersal-vicariance analysis method to gain insights into the origin and evolution of disjunct distributions in the Northern Hemisphere. Results indicate four general biogeographic patterns: (1) origin and speciation in eastern Asia with subsequent expansion into North America ...

Abstract Based on observation and reanalysis datasets, numerical experiments with a simple dynamical model, climate model outputs, this study investigates the second leading waveguide teleconnection along summer polar front jet (PFJ) over Eurasia interannual time scale, British–Okhotsk Corridor (BOC) pattern. The BOC pattern explains 20.8% of total variance northern Eurasia, which is only sligh...

We suggest that the evolution of the population structure of microbial pathogens is influenced by that of modern humans. Consequently, the timing of hallmark changes in bacterial genomes within the last 100,000 yr may be attempted by comparison with relevant human migrations. Here, we used a lineage within Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a Beijing genotype, as a model and compared its phylogeograph...

Stomatal conductance links plant water use and carbon uptake, and is a critical process for the land surface component of climate models. However, stomatal conductance schemes commonly assume that all vegetation with the same photosynthetic pathway use identical plant water use strategies whereas observations indicate otherwise. Here, we implement a new stomatal scheme derived from optimal stom...

Resumen.—Muchas especies de playeros tienen distribuciones amplias que incluyen continentes diferentes. Debido a que los playeros son excelentes voladores y tienen la capacidad de migrar largas distancias, muchas veces no está claro si existen barreras reproductivas entre poblaciones o subespecies de diferentes continentes. Charadrius alexandrinus es una especie cosmopolita. Hace mucho tiempo s...

Foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) Beauv) is one of the earliest domesticated grains, which has been cultivated in northern China by 8,700 years before present (YBP) and across Eurasia by 4,000 YBP. Owing to a small genome and diploid nature, foxtail millet is a tractable model crop for studying functional genomics of millets and bioenergy grasses. In this study, we examined nucleotide sequen...