Currently, there are a few reports on viral coinfection that causes an acute watery diarrhea in Korean children. So, to evaluate the features of coinfectious viral agents in children with acute watery diarrhea, we enrolled 155 children with acute watery diarrhea from July 2005 to June 2006. Fecal samples were collected and evaluated for various viral infections such as rotavirus, norovirus, ade...

Noroviruses are the most common cause of diarrheal disease in the community for all ages [1] and the most common cause of foodborne disease outbreaks in the United States [2]. Despite this ubiquity and high disease burden, there remains substantial uncertainty about some basic features of norovirus infection, epidemiology, and immunity. This knowledge gap partly results from a lack of studies w...

BACKGROUND Because hospitals in a region are connected via patient sharing, a norovirus outbreak in one hospital may spread to others. METHODS We utilized our Regional Healthcare Ecosystem Analyst software to generate an agent-based model of all the acute care facilities in Orange County (OC), California and simulated various norovirus outbreaks in different locations, both with and without c...

Norovirus infection, a highly prevalent condition associated with a high rate of morbidity, comprises a significant health issue. Although norovirus transmission mainly occurs via the fecal-oral and vomit-oral routes, airborne transmission has been proposed in recent decades. This paper re-examines a previously described norovirus outbreak in a hotel restaurant wherein airborne transmission was...

Noroviruses are the major cause of nonbacterial gastroenteritis in humans. These viruses have remained refractory to detailed molecular studies because of the lack of a reverse genetics system coupled to a permissive cell line for targeted genetic manipulation. There is no permissive cell line in which to grow infectious human noroviruses nor an authentic animal model that supports their replic...

Diarrhea is a frequent complication after kidney transplantation, ascribed to adverse effects of the immunosuppressive therapy in case of negative microbiological examination of the stools. The aim of this study was to improve the microbiological diagnosis by implementing molecular tests. Fifty-four severe diarrhea events that occurred in 49 adult kidney transplant recipients from September 201...

BACKGROUND Norovirus infection is the most common cause of acute self-limiting gastroenteritis. Only 3 cases of chronic norovirus infection in adult solid organ transplant recipients have been reported thus far. METHODS This case series describes 9 consecutive kidney allograft recipients with chronic norovirus infection with persistent virus shedding and intermittent diarrhea for a duration o...

Phytochemicals provide environmentally friendly and relatively inexpensive natural products, which could potentially benefit public health by controlling human norovirus (HuNoV) infection. In this study, 18 different phytochemicals were evaluated for antiviral effects against norovirus using murine norovirus (MNV) as a model for norovirus biology. Among these phytochemicals, curcumin (CCM) was ...

We report the median cDNA viral load of norovirus genogroup II is >100-fold higher than that of genogroup I in the fecal specimens of patients with norovirus-associated gastroenteritis. We speculate that increased cDNA viral load accounts for the higher transmissibility of genogroup II strains through the fecal-oral route.

Recently, cases of urinary tract calculi causing hydronephrosis and postrenal renal failure associated with viral gastroenteritis were documented, yet few were related to norovirus. During norovirus gastroenteritis, observation of oliguria, aciduria, low FENa value, and elevation of blood or urinary uric acid level may necessitate clinical workout for nephrolithiasis.