Noninvasive face mask ventilation has been used successfully in patients with paralytic respiratory failure. This study evaluated whether noninvasive face mask ventilation can be used for patients with acute respiratory failure due to intrinsic lung disease. Six patients with hypercapnia and four with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure met clinical and objective criteria for mechanical ventila...

Noninvasive mechanical ventilatory techniques include the use of negative and positive pressure ventilators. Negative pressure ventilators, such as the "iron lung", support ventilation by exposing the surface of the chest wall to subatmospheric pressure during inspiration; whereas, expiration occurs when the pressure around the chest wall increases and becomes atmospheric or greater than atmosp...

BACKGROUND Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) using a face mask is the ventilatory mode of choice in selected patients experiencing acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A high incidence of intolerance limits the use of this approach. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the sequential use of mask and helmet during NPPV in patients with severe exacerbation of COPD...

Background Early initiation of appropriate noninvasive respiratory support is utmost important intervention to avoid mechanical ventilation in severe bronchiolitis. Aim This study aims to compare noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) and hot humidified high-flow nasal cannulae (HHHFNC) as modes of respiratory support in infants with severe bronchiolitis. Methods Prospectiv...

Obesity causes major alterations in pulmonary mechanics. Obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery present mechanical ventilation-related challenges that may lead to perioperative complications. Databases were systematically searched for clinical trials of ventilation maneuvers for obese patients and bariatric surgery. Thirteen randomized controlled trials were selected. The quality of the st...

OBJECTIVE To compare conventional tracheotomy with endotracheal intubation to tracheotomy with noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV) in advanced neuromuscular disease. METHODS This was a retrospective study of a historical cohort of patients tracheotomized while sedated and intubated versus patients tracheotomized under NPPV and local anesthesia. We recorded previous intubation dif...

OBJECTIVES To assess whether the combination of daily evaluation and use of a spontaneous breathing test could shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation as compared with weaning based on our standard of care. Secondary outcome measures included extubation failure rate and the need for noninvasive ventilation. DESIGN A prospective, randomized controlled trial. SETTING Two pediatric inte...

Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV) is becoming increasingly used in patients with acute respiratory failure caused by a wide range of infectious aetiologies such as human-adapted avian influenza, aspergillosis and varicella [2–4], in order to avoid intubation or as a bridge to invasive mechanical ventilation. Substantial exposure to exhaled air occurs within a 0.5-m radius of pati...

This prospective observational study on 36 neonates aimed to estimate the correlation between the new Saturation Oxygen distending Pressure Index (SOPI) and Oxygenation index. SOPI had high correlation (r=0.94) with oxygenation index. SOPI of <2, 2, and 3.7 represented mild, moderate and severe pulmonary disease, respectively with high sensitivity and specificity.

UNLABELLED There is mounting evidence that early continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) from birth is feasible and safe even in very preterm infants. However, many infants will develop respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and require surfactant treatment. Combining a non-invasive ventilation approach with a strategy for surfactant administration is important, but questions remain about the o...