BACKGROUND Although Perceived Stress Scale (PSS, Cohen, Kamarack & Mermelstein, 1983) has been validated and widely used in many domains, there is still no validation in sports by comparing athletes and non-athletes and examining related psychometric indices. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the measurement invariance of PSS between athletes and non-athletes, and examine const...

objective: this study compared the tension-free vaginal tape (tvt) and transobturator tape (tot) procedures for surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women. materials and methods: this prospective non randomized clinical trial was conducted in vali-e-asr hospital from march 2001 to march 2005. a total of 71 patients with clinical and urodynamic diagnosis of stress urinary inconti...

laboratory data, which relate the liquefaction resistance of firoozkooh sand and non-plastic silt mixtures to shear wave velocity are presented and compared to liquefaction criteria derived from seismic field measurements by andrus and stokoe [1]. in the work described herein, cyclic triaxial and resonant column tests were conducted on specimens of clean sand and sand-silt mixtures with silt co...

stress and residual stress are the main problems in the operating performance of materials. they are the principal causes of material failure and can affect life time of component. however measurement or predictions of them are typically difficult. two common non-destructive methods, x-ray diffraction and ultrasound are not reliable methods for subsurface residual stress measurements and destru...

Macroscopic superplastic behaviour of metallic or non metallic materials is usually represented by the strain rate sensitivity, and it can be determined by tensile tests at elevated temperature. However, a uniaixal stress state occurs in the test whilst a multiaixal stress state is induced in actual superplastic forming processes. The difference of the stress state might affect the reliability ...

The etiology of most psychiatric disorders is still incompletely understood. However, growing evidence suggests that stress is a potent environmental risk factor for depression and anxiety. In rodents, various stress paradigms have been developed, but psychosocial stress paradigms have received more attention than non-social stress paradigms because psychosocial stress is more prevalent in huma...

Objective: We evaluated the potential effect of oral glucose supplementation on: (1) exercise performance and tolerance, (2) the concentrations of plasma uric acid and ammonia (NH 3) and (3) blood plasma markers of oxidative stress in patients with McArdle's disease (MCD) after non-ischemic forearm exercise testing (non-ischemic forearm exercise test). Methods: Blood samples and exercise perfor...

AIMS The aim of this study involves the early identification, among apparently healthy individuals, of those at high risk for sudden cardiac death. We tested the hypothesis that individuals who respond to mild mental stress in preparation for exercise test with the largest heart rate increases might be at highest risk. METHODS AND RESULTS Data from 7746 civil servants participating in the Par...

Humans as social beings often have to perform complex social cognitive tasks while under stress (e.g., during a social conflict). Previous research has established that the brain regions responsible for social cognitive tasks are target regions for stress hormones. However, little experimental research has been done testing the acute effects of stress on social cognition. Here, we investigated ...

this study was conducted to determine the effects of stomatal size and frequency on stomatal conductance, photosynthesis rate and yield, and to locate the genes controlling these traits. therefore, substitution lines series of ‘timstein’ (tim) into genetic background of ‘chinese spring’ (cs) were tested in a completely randomized block design with three replications under two normal and water s...