Introduction: Coronary angiography (CA) is an interventional diagnostic procedure to assess cardiovascular disease. CA is performed using dedicated fluoroscopic systems equipped with either flat detector or image intensifier. There is an increase in the number of CA annually. Reducing the radiation exposure in the CA is essential, especially due to high fluoroscopy time. In ord...

Do socioeconomic status and family circumstances mediate the adverse effects of childhood lead poisoning? Or put more precisely, holding early-life lead exposure constant, do individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds exhibit more serious cognitive and behavioral deficits than individuals from more privileged backgrounds? Using a unique data set that links U.S. army recruits to early life circu...

P rotecting groups have a long history in synthetic chemistry 1. A protecting group is covalently attached to one functional group to block its reactivity while a second functional group undergoes a chemical transformation, after which the protecting group is then removed (Fig. 1a). The use of protecting groups requires both protection and deprotection steps, so efficiency considerations dictat...

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