In this study we examined the genetic architecture of variation in the pro-inflammatory state, using an extended twin-family design. Within the Netherlands Twin Register Biobank, fasting Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), and fibrinogen levels were available for 3,534 twins, 1,568 of their non-twin siblings, and 2,227 parents from 3,095 families. He...

Quantitative genetics predicts, that traits subjected to strong selection should show low heritability and may yield biased estimates of genetic correlations (rg). Similar pattern may also appear if genetic sources of variation are confounded with non-genetic sources. Thus, a positive relationship between genetic correlations and heritabilities (h) of underlying traits might be observed. Here w...

The hub location problem is employed for many real applications, including delivery, airline and telecommunication systems and so on. This work investigates on hierarchical hub network in which a three-level network is developed. The central hubs are considered at the first level, at the second level, hubs are assumed which are allocated to central hubs and the remaining nodes are at the third ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The heterocarpic species Atriplex tatarica produces two types of seeds. In this study, how basic population genetic parameters correlate with seed germinability under various experimental conditions was tested. METHODS Population genetic diversity was ascertained in eight populations of A. tatarica by assessing patterns of variation at nine allozyme loci. Germinability of ...

this ability in fuzzy uml, practically leaves the customers and market’s need without response in this important and vital area. here, the available sequence diagrams in fuzzy uml will map into fuzzy petri net. however, the formal models ability will be added to the semi-formal fuzzy uml. this formalization will add the automatic processing ability to the semi-formal fuzzy uml. further more, ...

The oblique backscatter sounding is a powerful tool for detecting the ionosphere. This paper discusses the inverse problem of the ionospheric parameters by applying the inverse theory, and develops a new inverse method for this problem, trying to get over the difficulties of instability and non-uniqueness. The Genetic Algorithms (GAs) are introduced to established a 2-dimensional ionospheric Ge...

the genetic parameters for milk production and milk fat traits for first to third parities were estimated using single, multi trait and repeatability models. the genetic parameters for test day milk records were also estimated using random regression model. the test day records and 305 day milk records of 17055 cows from 10 herds collected between years 1996-2007 in khorasan razavi province wer...