The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) follows infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) after a long and variable period of time. Although HIV can be rapidly cytopathic in vitro for T4 cells, during early in vivo infection, T4 cell numbers are normal and few infected T4 cells can be found. There is increasing evidence that cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage, including ...

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an infectious disease caused by a newly identified human coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Currently, no effective drug exists to treat SARS-CoV infection. In this study, we investigated whether a panel of commercially available antiviral drugs exhibit in vitro anti-SARS-CoV activity. A drug-screening assay that scores for virus-induced cytopathic effects on cu...

Chloropeptins I and II, which are gp120-CD4 binding inhibitors, were isolated as pale yellow-brown powders from the mycelia of a soil actinomycete, Streptomyces sp, WK-3419. Their physico-chemical properties showed that they are chlorinated peptides. Chloropeptin I (C61H45N7O15Cl6) is a novel compound, but chloropeptin II was identified as complestatin. Both compounds inhibited gp120-CD4 bindin...

A 48-hour culture filtrate of Campylobacter jejuni was found to produce cytopathic effects on three human cell lines--that is, HeLa, MRC-5 and Hep-2. The cytopathic effects observed include cell rounding, loss of adherence and cell death after 24-48 h of incubation. Such morphological changes were observed with eight of the eleven strains of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from the blood/stools o...

Bluetongue virus (BTV) infects sheep, cattle and other ruminants and is transmitted by Culicoides spp. of biting midges. Virus is typically isolated and characterized by infection of susceptible vertebrate cells that undergo detectable and measurable cytopathic effects. Cell lines derived from C. sonorensis may be useful for virus isolation and studies to better understand BTV replication in th...

This study demonstrates a unique and crucial role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and pDC-derived type I interferons (IFNs) in the pathogenesis of mouse coronavirus infection. pDCs controlled the fast replicating mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) through the immediate production of type I IFNs. Recognition of MHV by pDCs was mediated via TLR7 ensuring a swift IFN-alpha production following enc...

In this study, we measured the frequency of revertants of a cytopathic strain of the duck hepatitis B virus that bears a single nucleotide substitution in the pre-S envelope protein open reading frame, resulting in the amino acid substitution G133E. Cytopathic virus mixed with known amounts of a genetically marked wild-type virus was injected into ducklings. Virus outgrowth was accompanied by a...