Human data indicate an increased risk for cancer of the oral cavity for snuff dippers. Popular snuff products from the United States, Germany, Sweden, and Denmark were analyzed for tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNA). These compounds are formed during tobacco processing from nicotine, nornicotine, and anatabine and represent the only known carcinogens in snuff. N'-Nitrosonornicotine, a moder...

Burley tobacco is a genotype of chloroplast-deficient mutant with accumulates high levels of tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) which would induce malignant tumors in animals. Nitrate is a principle precursor of tobacco-specific nitrosamines. Nitrate content in burley tobacco was significantly higher than that in flue-cured tobacco. The present study investigated differences between the two ...

We analyzed 42 models from 14 brands of refill liquids for e-cigarettes for the presence of micro-organisms, diethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, hydrocarbons, ethanol, aldehydes, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, and solvents. All the liquids under scrutiny complied with norms for the absence of yeast, mold, aerobic microbes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Diethylene glycol, et...

Ozone-based treatment trains offer a sustainable option for potable reuse applications, but nitrosamine formation during ozonation poses a challenge for municipalities seeking to avoid reverse osmosis and high-dose ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Six nitrosamines were monitored in full-scale and pilot-scale wastewater treatment trains. The primary focus was on eight treatment trains employing ozo...

Consumption of fish has been encouraged recently because it may prevent mortality due to heart disease. Fish contains methylamines, which are precursors of N-nitrosamines. Nitrosamines can act as potent carcinogens in a wide variety of animal species, and there is no reason to assume that humans are resistant. Human subjects (n = 5) ingested a diet of known methylamine content for 2 days. On Da...

A genotoxic carcinogen, N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), was detected as a synthesis impurity in some valsartan drugs 2018, and other N-nitrosamines, such N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), were later sartan products. N-nitrosamines are pro-mutagens that can react with DNA following metabolism to produce adducts, O6-alkyl-guanine. The adducts result replication miscoding errors leading GC>AT mutations...