Alfalfa plants form bacteria-free nodules in response to a number of agents, including Rhizobium meliloti exo mutants, Agrobacterium tumefaciens transconjugants carrying cloned R. meliloti nodulation genes, and compounds that function as auxin transport inhibitors, N-( 1-naphthyl)phthalamic acid or 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid. These bacteria-free nodules contain transcripts for the nodulins Nms30...

considered is an important objectives of sustainable agriculture,environmental protection and achieving inclusive development.therefore it seems essential method that can reduce the excessive consumption of chemical fertilizers.the purpose of this study was to assess the impact of plant growth promoting microorganisms and effect of combination nutrition systems,chemical and bacterial on stages ...

The mutualistic symbiosis between flowering plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is extremely abundant in terrestrial ecosystems. In this symbiosis, obligately biotrophic fungi colonize the root of the host plants, which can benefit from these fungi by enhanced access to mineral nutrients in the soil, especially phosphorus. One of the main goals of research on this symbiosis is to find plant...

The discovery and development of the chemistry of dinitrogen complexes are reviewed with particular reference to factors affecting their stabilities, and the implication of those factors in terms of electronic structure and energies is discussed, FIRST I must thank the organizers of this congress for their invitation to give a plenary lecture, and also I must explain my title. As you know, one ...

To improve their nutrition, most plants associate with soil microorganisms, particularly fungi, to form mycorrhizae. A few lineages, including actinorhizal plants and legumes are also able to interact with nitrogen-fixing bacteria hosted intracellularly inside root nodules. Fossil and molecular data suggest that the molecular mechanisms involved in these root nodule symbioses (RNS) have been pa...

Degraded lands are defined by soils that have lost primary productivity due to abiotic or biotic stresses. Among the abiotic stresses, drought, salinity, and heavy metals are the main threats in tropical areas. These stresses affect plant growth and reduce their productivity. Nitrogen-fixing plants such as actinorhizal species that are able to grow in poor and disturbed soils are widely planted...

The association between nitrogen-fixing bacteria from the genus Azospirillum and the grasses Zea mays and Setaria italica was investigated in sterilized Leonard-jar assemblies. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from Cynodon dactylon roots in Israel and Azospirillum brasilense (Sp-7, Sp-80, and Cd) were examined. C(2)H(2) reduction activity was detected in systems containing 0.0 to 0.08 but not ...

While all species interact with multiple mutualists, the fitness consequences and molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions remain largely unknown. We combined factorial ecological experiments with genomewide expression analyses to examine the phenotypic and transcriptomic responses of model legume Medicago truncatula to rhizobia and mycorrhizal fungi. We found synergistic effects of t...

Rhizobia are nitrogen-fixing bacteria that establish a nodule symbiosis with legumes. Nodule formation depends on signals and surface determinants produced by both symbiotic partners. Among them, rhizobial Nops (nodulation outer proteins) play a crucial symbiotic role in many strain-host combinations. Nops are defined as proteins secreted via a rhizobial T3SS (type III secretion system). Functi...

Many researchers consider the use of different probes for hybridization assays as suitable for studying the genetic diversity of nitrogen fixing bacteria. In this study for asessing genetic diversity among Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolates, two different probes (sucA and topA) chosen from the chromosomal genome of Bradyrhizobium strain USDA 110 were designed, evaluated by DNAMAN software and im...