One of the primary ecological hypotheses put forward to explain patterns of biodiversity is known as the more-individuals hypothesis of species-energy theory. This hypothesis suggests that the number of species increases along the global energy gradient primarily as a result of an increase in the total number of individuals that can be supported along that gradient. Implicit in this hypothesis ...

The graded nuclear location of the transcription factor Dorsal along the dorsoventral axis of the early Drosophila embryo provides positional information for the determination of different cell fates. Nuclear uptake of Dorsal depends on a complex signalling pathway comprising two parts: an extracellular proteolytic cascade transmits the dorsoventral polarity of the egg chamber to the early embr...

Steep, soil-mantled hillslopes evolve through the downslope movement of soil, driven largely by slope-dependent transport processes. Most landscape evolution models represent hillslope transport by linear diffusion, in which rates of sediment transport are proportional to slope, such that equilibrium hillslopes should have constant curvature between divides and channels. On many soil-mantled hi...

This article offers a critical review of the problem of inequalities in oral health and discusses strategies for disease prevention and oral health promotion. It shows that oral health is not merely a result of individual biological, psychological, and behavioral factors; rather, it is the sum of collective social conditions created when people interact with the social environment. Oral health ...

We study the statistical physical properties of (discretized) “random surfaces,” which are random functions from Z (or large subsets of Z) to E, where E is Z or R. Their laws are determined by convex, nearest-neighbor, gradient Gibbs potentials that are invariant under translation by a full-rank sublattice L of Z; they include many discrete and continuous height function models (e.g., domino ti...

Malaise trap sampling of Hemiptera (Heteroptera; Auchenorrhyncha) was conducted at 500 m intervals along an elevational gradient from 200 m to 3,700 m on the east slope of Mount Wilhelm, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. Hemiptera had a decrease in morphospecies richness and overall abundance with increasing elevation, however, the Heteroptera did not exhibit either pattern. A few species were...

Ran’s downhill slide during mitosis H asegawa et al. clarify the role of RanGTP in the formation of the mitotic spindle. Because RanGTP is prevalent in the cell, its job during spindle assembly has been difficult to nail down. One possibility is that RanGTP promotes construction of the spindle by liberating spindle assembly factors from the importins that carry them. Previous studies of Xenopus...

Ran’s downhill slide during mitosis H asegawa et al. clarify the role of RanGTP in the formation of the mitotic spindle. Because RanGTP is prevalent in the cell, its job during spindle assembly has been difficult to nail down. One possibility is that RanGTP promotes construction of the spindle by liberating spindle assembly factors from the importins that carry them. Previous studies of Xenopus...

This study aims to assess landslide susceptibility in Pahne Kola watershed located in the south of Sari, based on bivariate logistic regression. For this purpose, the distribution map of the area’s landslides was firstly prepared in ArcGIS software. Eight effective factors on landslide event including elevation, slope, slope aspect, rainfall, land use, distance from the road, soil and geology w...

We study (discretized) “random surfaces,” which are random functions from Z (or large subsets of Z) to E, where E is Z or R. Their laws are determined by convex, nearest-neighbor, gradient Gibbs potentials that are invariant under translation by a full-rank sublattice L of Z; they include many discrete and continuous height function models (e.g., domino tilings, square ice, the harmonic crystal...