This study evaluates the effects of hydro-alcoholic root extract Delphinium denudatum Wall (Jadwar, family; Ranunculaceae) for its ability to attenuate nicotine-withdrawal in nicotine-dependent rats. The physical dependence on nicotine was induced male adult Wistar albino rats (175-250 g) by subcutaneous implantation Alzet mini osmotic pumps which supplied at 9.0mg/kg/day, while control receive...

This study assessed smokers' beliefs about nicotine and the safety of nicotine medications and examined how these beliefs influence the use of nicotine medications. The data for this paper came from a nationally representative, random-digit-dialed telephone survey of 1,046 adults (18 years of age and older) current cigarette smokers conducted between May and September 2001. Respondents were que...

Repeated exposure to nicotine and other psychostimulant drugs produces persistent increases in their psychomotor and physiological effects (sensitization), a phenomenon related to the drugs' reinforcing properties and abuse potential. Here we examined the role of peripheral actions of nicotine in nicotine-induced sensitization of centrally mediated physiological parameters (brain, muscle, and s...

backgrand: cotinine (cot) is a major degradation product of nicotine (nic). the participation of leptin in female reproduction is well-established, but any role in male reproductive function is at the best tenuous. objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate the in-vitro effects of nicotine, cotinine and leptin on sperm parameters in normal semen of non-smokers fertile men. materials and m...

INTRODUCTION Some long-term nicotine gum users are addicted to nicotine and may need assistance to stop. There is no published evidence on the use of nicotine patches for this purpose. CASE DESCRIPTION A 45-year old man presented with a 30-year history of high-dose nicotine gum use (up to 200mg nicotine per day). He was highly nicotine dependent and had failed repeatedly to stop using nicotin...

the control of cigarette smoking can do more to improve health and prolong life than any other single action in the whole field of preventive medicine. many smokers desire to stop but need instructions and support. beside nicotine and carbon monoxide, there are a lot of carcion-genous materials in cigarettes. a positive relationship exists between cigarette smoking and lung cancer, bronchitis, ...

This study examined to study how respondents rely on the Internet to fulfill the various life goals dimensioned into understanding, orientation and playing goals, and how this dependency relates to the generation of social capital. Further, it examined the resources of social capital in terms of bonding social capita and bridging social capital. In this study quantitative research approach was ...

The effects of acute nicotine administration (0.09 mg/kg nicotine), chronic nicotine administration (6.3 mg/kg/d nicotine for 14 d), and withdrawal from chronic nicotine administration on fear conditioning in C57BL/6 mice were examined. Mice were trained using two coterminating conditioned stimulus (30 s; 85 dB white noise)--unconditioned stimulus (2 s; 0.57 mA foot shock) pairings and tested 2...

Cigarette smoking during pregnancy is associated with a variety of adverse fetal outcomes. Nicotine is a likely contributor to these adverse effects, with fetal brain as one target organ. Vaccination of adult male rats against nicotine has been shown to reduce nicotine distribution to the brain. The current study examined whether vaccination of female rats before pregnancy would reduce the dist...

Vaccination against nicotine is being studied as a potential treatment for nicotine dependence. Some of the limitations of vaccination, such as variability in antibody titer and affinity, might be overcome by instead using passive immunization with nicotine-specific monoclonal antibodies. The effects of antibodies on nicotine distribution to brain were studied using nicotine-specific monoclonal...