The structural domains contributing to ion permeation and selectivity in K channels were examined in inward-rectifier K(+) channels ROMK2 (Kir1.1b), IRK1 (Kir2.1), and their chimeras using heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes. Patch-clamp recordings of single channels were obtained in the cell-attached mode with different permeant cations in the pipette. For inward K(+) conduction, replac...

This study examined the response of different aged birds of the same genetic strain exposed to ammonia (NH ) at set concentrations on blood gases, electrolytes and acid-base balance under 3 environmentally controlled conditions. The experiment consisted of a 4×4 factorial with a randomized design. The 16 treatments consisted of 4 levels (0, 25, 50 and 75 ppm) of NH concentrations and 4 differen...

"Live High-Train Low" (LHTL) training can alter oxidative status of athletes. This study compared prooxidant/antioxidant balance responses following two LHTL protocols of the same duration and at the same living altitude of 2250 m in either normobaric (NH) or hypobaric (HH) hypoxia. Twenty-four well-trained triathletes underwent the following two 18-day LHTL protocols in a cross-over and random...

Soil microbes and phosphatase enzymes play a critical role in organic soil phosphorus (P) cycling. However, how long-term P inputs influence microbial transformations enzyme activity under grazed pastures remains unclear. We collected top-soil (0–75 mm) from pasture receiving contrasting (control, 188 kg ha−1 year−1 of single super phosphate [SSP], 376 SSP) for more than 65 years. Olsen P, biom...

Both intracellular pH (pHi) and synaptic cleft pH change during neuronal activity yet little is known about how these pH shifts might affect synaptic transmission by influencing vesicle fusion. To address this we imaged pH- and Ca(2+) -sensitive fluorescent indicators (HPTS, Oregon green) in boutons at neuromuscular junctions. Electrical stimulation of motor nerves evoked presynaptic Ca(2+) i r...

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed on tripeptide arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid (RGD) as an efficient drug carrier to deliver the commercially famous cyclophosphamide (CP) anticancer drug within ethanol solution. The most negative binding energy (-5.22 kcal/mol) was measured for the CP-RGD-7 created through the H-bond interaction between the P=O (phosphoryl) oxygen atom o...

A new Biginelli compound, C(18)H(25)BN(2)O(4)S(2), containing a boronate ester group was synthesized from a lithium bromide-catalysed reaction. The compound crystallizes with two independent mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit that differ mainly in the conformation of the ester functionality. The crystal structure is stabilized by inter-molecular N-H⋯O and N-H⋯S hydrogen bonds involving the 3,4-d...

In the title compound, C(11)H(12)N(2)O(3)·H(2)O, the water mol-ecule is a hydrogen-bond donor to the double-bond amide and the carbonyl O atoms of two acid mol-ecules; it is also a hydrogen-bond acceptor to the acid -OH and amide -NH- groups. These hydrogen-bonding inter-actions give rise to a layer structure, with the layers parallel to the ab plane.