The potential of visible and near infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy was investigated for discriminating the varieties of Nanfeng mandarin fruit nondestructively. The spectra were collected by a spectrophotometer in the wavelength range of 600–1040 nm. Relationship between the spectra and Nafeng mandarin varieties was established using principal component analysis (PCA), supervised independent mod...

Genetic diversity of 20 sugarcane accessions in Pakistan was studied using 21 random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. The mean genetic distance between the cultivars was 39.03%, demonstrating that a large part of the genome is similar among the accessions. This probably arises from a lack of parental diversity, with few clones, which are themselves related, contributing to the parentage of th...

We show that the presentation of affine T-varieties of complexity one in terms of polyhedral divisors holds over an arbitrary field. We also describe a class of multigraded algebras over Dedekind domains. We study how the algebra associated to a polyhedral divisor changes when we extend the scalars. As another application, we provide a combinatorial description of affine G-varieties of complexi...

We show that for all n ≥ 3 and all primes p there are infinitely many simplicial toric varieties of codimension n in the 2n-dimensional affine space whose minimum number of defining equations is equal to n in characteristic p, and lies between 2n − 2 and 2n in all other characteristics. In particular, these are new examples of varieties which are settheoretic complete intersections only in one ...

In this paper, we introduce new, combinatorially defined subvarieties of isotropic Grassmannians called symplectic restriction varieties. We study their geometric properties and compute their cohomology classes. In particular, we give a positive, combinatorial, geometric branching rule for computing the map in cohomology induced by the inclusion i : SG(k, n)→ G(k, n). This rule has many applica...

We consider smooth complete intersection Calabi–Yau 3-folds in minuscule Schubert varieties, and study their mirror symmetry by degenerating the ambient Schubert varieties to Hibi toric varieties. We list all possible Calabi–Yau 3-folds of this type up to deformation equivalences, and find a new example of smooth Calabi–Yau 3-folds of Picard number one; a complete intersection in a locally fact...

This paper analyzes some important issues surrounding possible deployment of genetically engineered (GE) insect-resistant potato in Peru, based on a large farmer survey held in Peru in 2003. We found that the formal seed system plays a limited role compared with the informal seed system, especially for smallholder farmers. Although 97% of smallholder farmers would buy seed of an insect-resistan...

this specialty fruit and was responsive to the industry need for reliably tested freestone varieties. A sequence of similar varieties over a period as long as for peaches is envisioned. As was true with peaches, main crop apricot varieties were static for many years. As a consequence, the varieties, mostly of European origin, became less well suited to changing market demands. Commercial drying...

The purpose of this paper is to give basic tools for the classification of nonsingular toric Fano varieties by means of the notions of primitive collections and primitive relations due to Batyrev. By using them we can easily deal with equivariant blow-ups and blow-downs, and get an easy criterion to determine whether a given nonsingular toric variety is a Fano variety or not. As applications of...

Plant breeding is a key mechanism for adaptation of cropping systems to climate change. Much discussion of breeding for climate change focuses on genes with large effects on heat and drought tolerance, but phenology and stress tolerance are highly polygenic. Adaptation will therefore mainly result from continually adjusting allele frequencies at many loci through rapid-cycle breeding that deliv...