Alcohol misuse and alcohol withdrawal are associated with a variety of neuropsychiatric syndromes, some of which are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. B vitamin deficiency is known to contribute to the aetiology of a number of these syndromes, and B vitamin supplementation thus plays a significant part in prophylaxis and treatment. In particular, the Wernicke Korsakoff syndro...

The postnatal neurodevelopmental disorder Rett syndrome (RTT) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2), a transcriptional repressor involved in chromatin remodeling and the modulation of RNA splicing. MECP2 aberrations result in a constellation of neuropsychiatric abnormalities, whereby both loss of function and gain in MECP2 dosage lead to similar neurol...

OBJECTIVE Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome resulting from liver failure. In the present study, we aimed to standardize an animal model of HE induced by thioacetamide (TAA) in C57BL/6 mice evaluating behavioral symptoms in association with liver damage and alterations in neurotransmitter release. METHOD HE was induced by an intraperitoneal single dose of TAA (200 mg/k...

Delirium is a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by disturbances in consciousness, orientation, memory, thought, perception, and behaviour due to one or more structural and/or physiological abnormalities directly or indirectly affecting the brain. It is quite prevalent in medical and surgical settings and is associated with high rates of death and healthcare costs. We review its pr...

a Østfold Hospital Trust, Neuropsychiatric unit, child – and adolescent psychiatry. Aasebraatveien 27, 1605 Fredrikstad Norway b National Resource Center for ADHD, Tourettes’ Syndrome and Narcolepsy. Kirkevn. 166, 0407 Oslo c Laboratory of the Institute of the Human Brain (HBI) of Russian Accademy of Science, St. Petersburg d The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Institute ...

Delirium is a common, severe and acute neuropsychiatric syndrome that affects mainly older patients. Delirium is a wellrecognised complication of trauma and is important as it is associated with an increase in mortality as well as cognitive and functional decline, increased length of hospital stay and increased risk of institutionalisation on discharge. Recognition and management is challenging...

CONTEXT Prospective studies are needed to adequately describe the overall impact of neuropsychiatric syndromes on the course of hospice enrollment in outpatient settings. OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence and natural history of delirium, cognitive impairment, alcohol abuse, anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation (SI) in community-dwelling veteran hospice patients. METHODS Home hosp...

BACKGROUND 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is the most common microdeletion syndrome in humans. In a minority of patients, the underlying 22q11.2 deletion is found to have been inherited, usually from an affected mother. Serious neuropsychiatric conditions that are commonly associated features of 22q11.2DS could disproportionately affect reproductive success in males. METHODS This study...

Background: There are a wide range of neuropsychiatric conditions associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired syndrome (AIDS). These mental disorders may be unrecognised yet their presence can significantly affect outcome.Aim: This study aimed to determine psychiatric comorbidity HIV AIDS.Setting: The clinic tertiary hospital in North-Eastern Nigeria.Methods: A cross-section...

Acquired hepatocerebral degeneration is an underdiagnosed neurologic syndrome characterized by parkinsonism, ataxia or other movement disorders and by neuropsychiatric and cognitive symptoms. It occurs in patients with chronic liver disease, especially those who develop portosystemic shunting and is often unrecognized as a cause of cognitive decline. Recently, its pathogenesis has been associat...