The combination of memantine, an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, with an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI) is the current standard of care in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Galantamine, an AChEI currently marketed for the treatment of AD, exerts memory-enhancing and neuroprotective effects via activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Here, we investigated the n...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with the use of the suture technique causes hypothalamic damage with subsequent hyperthermia, which can confound neuroprotective drug studies. In the present study the neuroprotective effects of dizocilpine (MK-801) were compared in different permanent MCAO models with and without hypothalamic damage and hyperthermia. ME...

In this issue of Stroke, Muir 1 addresses the looming crisis in acute stroke clinical trial design by illustrating why neuroprotective trials have been seriously underpowered. Unfortunately, this is not a new observation. Samsa and Matchar2 pointed out 3 statistical reasons neuroprotective stroke trials have been underpowered: (1) Sensitivity of power to small changes in outcome rates. (2) Over...

Neuroprotection is the preservation of structure and function neurons from insults cellular injuries caused by a variety agents or neurodegenerative diseases. Medicinal plants possess neuroprotective effects via mechanisms that include inhibiting protein-based deposit accumulation, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, correcting defects neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine dopamine [1-3]. Th...

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Pharmacological treatment of ischemic brain injury has been under investigation for more ...