The microarray format has allowed for rapid and sensitive detection of thousands of analyte DNAs in a single sample, and there is considerable interest in extending this technology to protein biosensing. While glass is the most common substrate for microarrays, its binding capacity is limited because the glass surface is flat. One way to overcome this limitation is to develop arrays based on po...

Traditional (31)P NMR or MRI measurements suffer from low sensitivity relative to (1)H detection and consequently require longer scan times. We show here that hyperpolarization of (31)P nuclei through reversible interactions with parahydrogen can deliver substantial signal enhancements in a range of regioisomeric phosphonate esters containing a heteroaromatic motif which were synthesized in ord...

The possibility of thermal lensing of dynamically emerging light-absorbing layers at cell surfaces was investigated. Analyte accumulation at a cell surface determines long-term changes in the thermal-lens signal that was used as a source of analytical information to enhance sensitivity of thermal lensing. Considering the rate of accumulation as an additional analytical signal, we achieved a thr...

A fundamental difference exists in the way signal generation is dealt with in natural and synthetic systems. While nature uses the transient activation of signalling pathways to regulate all cellular functions, chemists rely on sensory devices that convert the presence of an analyte into a steady output signal. The development of chemical systems that bear a closer analogy to living ones (that ...

Adaptive spinning-disk interferometry is capable of measuring surface profiles of a thin biolayer with subnanometer longitudinal resolution. High-speed phase modulation in the signal beam arises from the moving surface height profile on the spinning disk and is detected as a homodyne signal via dynamic two-wave mixing. A photorefractive quantum-well device performs as an adaptive mixer that com...

SERS, a clinical practice where medical doctors can monitor the drug concentration in biological fluids, has been proposed as viable approach to therapeutic monitoring (TDM) of antiepileptic Perampanel. The adoption an acidic environment during SERS experiments was found be effective enhancing spectroscopic signal. In this work, we combine experiments, conducted with custom spinning cell contro...

Traditional P NMR or MRI measurements suffer from low sensitivity relative to H detection and consequently require longer scan times. We show here that hyperpolarization of 31 P nuclei through reversible interactions with parahydrogen can deliver substantial signal enhancements in a range of regioisomeric phosphonate esters containing a heteroaromatic motif which were synthesized in order to id...

The field-effect enzymatic detection technique has been applied to the amperometric immunoassay of the cancer biomarker, carcinoma antigen 125 (CA 125). The detection adopted a reagentless approach, in which the analyte, CA 125, was immobilized on the detecting electrode, which was modified using carbon nanotubes, and the detection signal was obtained by measuring the reduction peak current of ...

types of immunoassay interference are similar to interferences in other chemistry assays and some types are unique to immunoassays. The interfering substance (interferent) in the sample may be exogenous to the patient, for example a drug, or endogenous, for example antibodies produced by the patient. The bias caused by interference may be positive or negative and, in some cases, the degree and ...

This paper describes the synthesis and hardware implementation of a signal-type asynchronous data communication mechanism (ACM). Such an ACM can be used in systems where a data-driven (“lazy”) logic must be interfaced with a time-driven (“busy”) environment. A new classification system for ACMs is introduced. The conceptual definition of the signal ACM (called simply “Signal”) is refined using ...