introduction:different types of prosthesis are available for stapes replacement. because there has been no published report on the efficacy of the titanium soft-clip vs the fluoroplastic causse loop teflon piston, we compared short-term hearing results of both types of prosthesis in patients who underwent stapedotomy due to otosclerosis.materials and methods:a total of 57 ears were included in ...

the aim of this paper is to minimize output phase noise for the pure signal synthesis in the frequency synthesizers. for this purpose, first, an exact mathematical model of phase locked loop (pll) based frequency synthesizer is described and analyzed. then, an exact closed-form formula in terms of synthesizer bandwidth and total output phase noise is extracted. based on this formula, the phase ...

since treatment of landfill leachate is quite complicated, there is a need to develop a system thatis capable of providing high treatment efficiencies. in this study, the treatment performance of a jet - loopmembrane bioreactor (jlmb) operated at different organic loading rates was investigated by observing thechanges in chemical oxygen demand (cod), total kjehldahl nitrogen (tkn) and total amm...

excessive cutting depth during leveling of agricultural land increases power needed by the tractor drawbar and will result in undesirable slippage and excessive strain on the tractor engine.  the result of sustained excess will be the break-down of the tractor. an auxiliary blade depth controller to prevent overloading during leveling was designed, fabricated and evaluated in this study. the sy...

Dear Editor, Young adults are frequently presented with headaches due to various causes. Atypical facial pain, renamed as persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP) is a poorly understood condition with the pain described as a persistent facial pain that does not have the characteristics of cranial neuralgias and which is not attributable to another disorder.1 PIFP must be differentiated from oth...

This review summarizes the detrimental effects of cigarette and noncigarette emission exposure on autonomic function, with particular emphasis on the mechanisms of acute and chronic modulation of the sympathetic nervous system. We propose that the nicotine and fine particulate matter in tobacco smoke lead to increased sympathetic nerve activity, which becomes persistent via a positive feedback ...

In a patient with reflex myoclonus limited to the right side of the body, stimulation of the right median nerve in the index finger or wrist elicited a very large somatosensory evoked response (SER) and a long loop C reflex which represents an electrically evoked myoclonic response. It is suggested that the pathway for the C reflex is through peripheral nerve, dorsal funiculus of spinal cord, c...

Expression of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor HAND2 begins early in sympathetic neuron development and is essential for the differentiation of noradrenergic neurons. Here, we show that the expression of HAND2 and related HAND1 are maintained in sympathetic neurons throughout fetal and postnatal development when these neurons depend on target-derived nerve growth factor (NGF) for...

Dental epithelial progenitor cells differentiate into various cell types during development of tooth germs. To study this mechanism, we produced immortalized dental epithelial progenitor cells derived from the cervical-loop epithelium of a rat lower incisor. The expression patterns of cytokeratin 14, nerve growth factor receptor p75, amelogenin, Notch2, and alkaline phosphatase were examined by...