Tactile sensory feedback plays an important role in our daily life. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is widely accepted to produce artificial tactile sensation. To explore the underlying mechanism of tactile sensation under TENS, this paper presented a novel 3D TENS computational model including an active Aβ tactile nerve fiber (TNF) model and a forearm finite element model wi...

Sex differences at the laryngeal neuromuscular junction of Xenopus laevis were examined by recording intracellularly from muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation. Male laryngeal muscle contains 2 physiologically distinct fiber types. Type I fibers generate postsynaptic potentials in response to low-magnitude stimulus pulses and action potentials in response to higher-magnitude stimulus p...

The present brief review discusses recent progress with corneal confocal microscopy for the evaluation of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Corneal confocal microscopy is a new, non-invasive and reproducible diagnostic modality, and it can also be easily applied for patient follow up. It enables new perspectives of studying the natural history of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy, severi...

Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) photographs from 26 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 23 normal, age-matched, control subjects were reviewed for quality and abnormalities by two observers. A higher proportion of Alzheimer's patients showed RNFL abnormalities when compared to control subjects. There was some disagreement between the two observers regarding quality and frequency of abnormali...

The role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the central mechanism of neuropathic pain and long-term potentiation (LTP) of peripheral afferents remains obscure. The current study investigated the effect of intrathecal application of 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), a selective nNOS inhibitor (8.15 µg/5µl), on mechanical allodynia on day 14 after L5 spinal nerve transection. Furthermore, using in...

We sought to determine the effect of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibition on streptozotocin diabetes-induced vascular and neural dysfunction. After 4 weeks of untreated diabetes, rats were treated for 12 weeks with Alogliptin (DPP-IV inhibitor). Diabetes caused a slowing of motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity, thermal hypoalgesia, reduction in intraepidermal nerve fiber density i...

Raman, NMR and EPR spectroscopy and electrophysiology methods were used to investigate the excitability and the packaging of myelin lipid layers and its viscosity during nerve exposure to pronase E. It was established that during exposure of nerve to pronase E the action potential (AP) conduction velocity and the Schwann cell (SC) (or myelin) water ordering increases, but the nerve myelin refra...

BACKGROUND Some patients with systemic lupus erythematosus have selective loss of small-diameter nerve fibers, while larger nerve fibers are unaffected. OBJECTIVE To determine intraepidermal nerve fiber densities in patients with different chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, and Haukeland University Hosp...

Multiple-bud regeneration, i.e., multiple amplification, has been shown to exist in peripheral nerve regeneration. Multiple buds grow towards the distal nerve stump during proximal nerve fiber regeneration. Our previous studies have verified the limit and validity of multiple amplification of peripheral nerve regeneration using small gap sleeve bridging of small donor nerves to repair large rec...

PURPOSE To quantitatively analyze laser scanning in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) images of all corneal layers in contact lens-wearing and noncontact lens-wearing keratoconus patients. METHODS The study population included rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lens-wearing keratoconus patients (group 1; N = 29), keratoconus patients who did not wear contact lenses (group 2; N = 30), and subject...