Unlike HIV-1-infected people, most HIV-2-infected subjects maintain a healthy CD4+ T cell count and a strong HIV-specific CD4+ T cell response. To define the cellular immunological correlates of good prognosis in HIV-2 infection, we conducted a cross-sectional study of HIV Gag-specific T cell function in HIV-1- and HIV-2-infected Gambians. Using cytokine flow cytometry and lymphoproliferation a...

OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of reorganisation of neonatal specialist care services in England after a UK Department of Health report in 2003. DESIGN A population-wide observational comparison of outcomes over two epochs, before and after the establishment of managed clinical neonatal networks. SETTING Epoch one: 294 maternity and neonatal units in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, 1 ...

Recently, new staffing rules for neonatal nurses in intensive care units (ICU) were issued in Germany, using categories of care of the British Association of Perinatal Medicine as blueprint. Neonates on intensive care require a nurse-to-patient ratio of 1:1, on intensive surveillance (high dependency care) of 1:2. No requirements exist for special care, transitional care, and pediatric ICU pati...

This paper analyzes the end uses—food, feed, fiber, fuel, and exports—of biomass production in U.S. 1997, 2002, 2007, 2012. They are also analyzed at state level Biomass is measured as human appropriation of net primary (HANPP), an ecological footprint carbon fixed through photosynthesis, derived from data on crop, timber grazing yields. HANPP was allocated to uses using publicly available sour...

OBJECTIVE This study described the sociodemographic profile and professional qualifications of pediatric intensive care physicians in the State of Rio de Janeiro (RJ), southeastern Brazil. METHODS This investigation was an observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study that was conducted in neonatal, pediatric and mixed intensive care units in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Physicians wor...

Assistant Professor of Medicine, Mayo Medical School, and Consultant, Division of Executive and International Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Editor-in-Chief, Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal and Director of the Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel, and the Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israe...