OBJECTIVE Heroin use in the United States has reached epidemic proportions. The objective of this paper is to estimate the annual societal cost of heroin use disorder in the United States in 2015 US dollars. METHODS An analytic model was created that included incarceration and crime; treatment for heroin use disorder; chronic infectious diseases (HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and Tuberculosi...

Liver transplantation for end stage liver disease, offers the recipient a near normal life, including pregnancies women. Successful have been reported, but successful second are rare. We present our patient with pregnancy following her transplantation. A 22-year-old living donor transplant (LT) was enrolled in unit antenatal care of pregnancy. Her native had failed due to autoimmune hepatitis. ...

Leptospirosis in pregnancy is often underdiagnosed and not commonly reported due to its unusual appearance rarity. It looks like HELLP syndrome, obstetric cholestasis, viral hepatitis & pregnancy-related acute fatty liver. Miscarriages the first trimester, stillbirths, neonatal leptospirosis are serious complications that necessitate a high degree of concern, heightened sensitivity, prompt ...

Nationally there are higher rates of sexually transmissible infections (STIs) and bloodborne viruses diagnosed in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people than in other Australians. These infections are a major source of morbidity: untreated chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis can cause infertility, pelvic inflammatory disease, premature delivery and neonatal and post-partum infections, whil...

This case-series analyzed the outcome of live donor liver transplantation (LT) performed in children <7.5 kg from January 2008 to June 2009 at our center. Five patients (3 males, 2 females, mean age, 8.2 ± .4 months; mean weight 6.8 ± 0.4 kg) underwent LT. The indications of LT included biliary atresia (3) and idiopathic neonatal hepatitis (2). Postoperative complications included acute rejecti...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Trachoma is the most common cause of infectious blindness. Hot, dry climates, dust and water scarcity are thought to be associated with the distribution of trachoma but the evidence is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological evidence regarding the extent to which climatic factors explain the current prevalence, distribution, and severity of a...

BACKGROUND As part of the SAFE strategy, mass antibiotic treatments are useful in controlling the ocular strains of chlamydia that cause trachoma. The World Health Organization recommends treating at least 80% of individuals per community. However, the role of antibiotic coverage for trachoma control has been poorly characterized. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In a collection of cluster-rand...