Arab American literature, especially the novel, according to literary critic Steven Salaita, has developed “as a formidable art form in community” (2011, 2). In Salaita’s view, literature “is undergoing something of qualitative and quantitative maturation” (2). However, Salaita also points out that it is difficult define because “diverse heterogeneous” (4). The definition complex identity its p...

A compact formulation of the set of tours neither in a graph nor its complement is presented and illustrates a general methodology proposed for constructing polyhedral models of decision problems based upon permutations, projection and lifting techniques. Directed Hamilton tours on n vertex graphs are interpreted as (n-1)- permutations. Sets of extrema of Birkhoff polyhedra are mapped to tours ...