OBJECTIVES To investigate associations between measures of neighbourhood social and material environment and self rated health. DESIGN New contextual measures added to cross sectional study of a sample of people from the Health Survey for England and the Scottish Health Survey to provide multilevel data. PARTICIPANTS 13,899 men and women aged 16 or over for whom data on self rated health we...

BACKGROUND The context of the close neighbourhood environment in which children live has gained increasing attention in epidemiological research. This study aimed to investigate if contextual neighbourhood socioeconomic position (SEP) was independently associated with overweight in young children aged 5-7 years while simultaneously considering a wide range of individual socioeconomic determinan...

STUDY OBJECTIVE Mortality and morbidity vary across neighbourhoods and larger residential areas. Effects of area deprivation on health may vary across countries, because of greater spatial separation of people occupying high and low socioeconomic positions and differences in the provision of local services and facilities. Neighbourhood variations in health and the contribution of residents' cha...

We compared ecometric neighbourhood scores of social capital (contextual variation) to mean neighbourhood scores (individual and contextual variation), using several health-related outcomes (i.e. self-rated health, weight status and obesity-related behaviours). Data were analysed from 5,900 participants in the European SPOTLIGHT survey. Factor analysis of the 13-item social capital scale reveal...

It has been suggested that certain residents, such as those with a low socioeconomic status, the elderly, and women, may benefit more from the presence of neighbourhood green space than others. We tested this hypothesis for age, gender, educational level, and employment status in four European cities. Data were collected in Barcelona (Spain; n = 1002), Kaunas (Lithuania; n = 989), Doetinchem (T...

BACKGROUND There is ample evidence that residential neighbourhoods can influence mental well-being (MWB), with most studies relying on census or similar data to characterize communities. Few studies have actively investigated local residents' perceptions. METHODS Concept mapping was conducted with residents from five Toronto neighbourhoods representing low income and non-low income socio-econ...

In this article, we ask how well Australian households are matched to their neighbourhood social environments. We broadly replicate a previous study of matching and what extent live in communities that similar socio-economic status characteristics. And, when move, do they relocate such way as increase similarity neighbours? The processes at the heart understanding urban structure, it changes ov...

In this paper we introduce the graph layout parameter neighbourhood-width as a variation of the well-known cut-width. The cut-width of a graph G = (V ,E) is the smallest integer k, such that there is a linear layout : V → {1, . . . , |V |}, such that for every 1 i < |V | there are at most k edges {u, v} with (u) i and (v)> i. The neighbourhood-width of a graph is the smallest integer k, such th...

BACKGROUND Neighbourhood characteristics may influence physical activity (PA), which has positive effects on the health of older adults. Older adults with chronic conditions are less active and possibly more affected by environmental factors than their peers. Understanding neighbourhood characteristics associated with PA specific to older adults with chronic conditions is currently lacking. Thi...

STUDY OBJECTIVE This study investigates whether neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage may contribute to child behavioural and emotional problems, beyond the effects of parental socioeconomic status. It also examines the influence of neighbourhood disadvantage on changes in the frequency of behavioural problems from late childhood into early adolescence. DESIGN AND SETTING The study was con...