Full or partial loss of function in the upper limb is an increasingly common due to sports injuries, occupational injuries, spinal cord injuries, and strokes. Typically treatment for these conditions relies on manipulative physiotherapy procedures which are extremely labour intensive. Although mechanical assistive device exist for limbs this is rare for the upper body. In this paper we describe...

[This corrects the article on p. 105 in vol. 18, PMID: 28116018.].

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Evidence-based dentistry (EBD), including orthodontics, needs the availability and use of the high-quality studies. The aim of this study was to identify the level of evidence (LOE) of Iranian articles on orthodontics published in PubMed.METHODS: All the articles on orthodontics published from 2000 to 2015 in PubMed with Iran affiliations were extracted by typing orthodontic...

Presence of fungal agents in lesions of two patients in Tehran was studied. One of them had clinical symptoms of mycetoma in his foot, and the other had a skin infection in his arm. Examination of the lesions indicated Nocardia asteroides. These patients did not show any evidence of nocardia infection in other parts of the body. Negative results were obtained from the cultures of blood and...

the east mediterranean region suffers from high levels of air pollution which has a negative impact on pregnancy outcomes. this work systematically reviews the epidemiological evidence on maternal exposure to air pollution and adverse pregnancy outcomes in the region. relevant papers and reports published between 2000 and 2014 were searched. combinations of search terms including countries, exp...

infections of the cerebrospinal shunts and other neurosurgical structures are not uncommon in the clinical practice. these infections are mostly clinical emergencies carrying negative prognostic impacts on the patients as well as spending healthcare resources. the low pathogenicity nature of some implicated pathogens results in minimal physical signs that may complicate the diagnosis and mislea...

 Abstract Background: There are a large number of patients with penetrating abdominal trauma who have normal vital signs and negative abdominal examination when referred to trauma centers. Agreat deal of controversy exists between authorities about screening these patients for emergency explorative laparotomy. Many references have reported more than 90% sensitivity for DPL as a diagnostic metho...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate CHROMagar CTX (CHROMagar France), a novel agar for the selective isolation of Enterobacteriaceae expressing the bla(CTX-M) gene in the presence of enteric bacteria expressing AmpC enzymes. METHODS A panel of 150 Gram-negative bacteria (mainly Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas and Salmonella) isolated from humans and animal...

This second article of the series "An Overview of Research Designs Relevant to Nursing" presents qualitative research designs. Phenomenological, ground theory, ethnography, narrative inquiry, and other related qualitative-related research methodologies are described. In addition, the importance of qualitative research as groundwork for quantitative studies is discussed. This link between qualit...