In this article we introduce and study the concept of characteristic degree of a subgroup in a finite group. We define the characteristic degree of a subgroup H in a finite group G as the ratio of the number of all pairs (h,α) ∈ H×Aut(G) such that h^α∈H, by the order of H × Aut(G), where Aut(G) is the automorphisms group of G. This quantity measures the probability that H can be characteristic ...

In this paper, we study the tensor commutativity degree of pair of finite groups. Erdos introduced the relative commutativity degree and studied its properties. Then, Mr. Niroomand introduced the tensor relative commutativity degree, calculated tensor relative degree for some groups, and studied its properties. Also, he explained its relation with relative commutativity degree. In this paper, w...

We investigated the potential of 16-desmethyl tirilazad mesylate, a member of 21-aminosteroids, to ameliorate alcohol-induced liver injury. Four groups (five rats/group) of male Wistar rats were studied. One group of rats was fed fish oil and ethanol (FE) for 4 weeks, and a second group received isocaloric amounts of dextrose instead of ethanol (FD). The third (FE-LAZ) and fourth (FD-LAZ) group...

BACKGROUND Gadolinium contrast media (Gd-CM) are regarded as non-nephrotoxic or considerably less nephrotoxic than iodine contrast media (I-CM), and have therefore come to be used as a substitute for I-CM in patients with renal insufficiency in a variety of radiographic examinations. PURPOSE To investigate renal histomorphological changes caused by Gd-CM in comparison with I-CM after renal X-...

This paper argues that Mandarin Chinese fills a gap in the typology of comparative constructions in natural language. Beck et al. (2004) proposes that languages may vary in whether or not they allow for degree abstraction, and Kennedy (2007) proposes a distinction between comparative constructions with degree-denoting standards and individual-denoting standards. Based on these parameters, we ex...

The apoptosis process is crucial to various biological processes including embryo development and organism homeostasis. Inducing apoptosis of cancer cells has become a very attractive field for cancer therapy in the recent years. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL; also called Apo2L, TNFSF10, CD253, or TL2) is a member of tumor necrosis factor family. Preclinical stu...

BACKGROUND Limited knowledge about the molecular mechanism of avian influenza H9N2 virus pathogenicity in birds as well as human hosts has limited the development of effective control against the disease. To overcome this issue detailed understanding of the infectious characteristics of the virus in host cells should be obtained. OBJECTIVES In this study we examined the replication kinetics o...

The microcirculation undergoes a profound degree of endothelial dysfunction within minutes (i.e., 2.5 to 5 min) following reperfusion of ischaemic vasculature. This has been documented in the coronary and mesenteric microcirculation. The endothelial dysfunction is characterized by a loss in basal and agonist-mediated nitric oxide (NO) produced by the vascular endothelium. The loss of NO results...

Cost-effective animal models that accurately reflect the pathological progression of pulmonary tuberculosis are needed to screen and evaluate novel tuberculosis drugs and drug regimens. Pulmonary disease in humans is characterized by a number of heterogeneous lesion types that reflect differences in cellular composition and organization, extent of encapsulation, and degree of caseous necrosis. ...