Abstract The microstructure response of laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF)-processed ferritic stainless steel (AISI 441) during post-heat treatments is studied in detail. Focus on the precipitation kinetics Nb-rich phases: Laves (Fe 2 Nb) and cubic carbo-nitride (NbC), as well grain structure evolution. evolution precipitates characterized using scanning transmission electron microscopy (SEM TEM) ...

In this study, a multi-element microalloyed GCr15Si1MoNbV bainitic bearing steel was designed by adding trace amounts of Nb and V. The bainite/martensite/retained austenite/undissolved carbide multiphase with short heat-treated cycle remarkable comprehensive mechanical properties prepared via low-temperature austempering, which compared traditional quenched tempered martensitic microstructure. ...

The liquidus surface projection and isothermal sections at 1100 1000 °C of the Co–Nb–Zr system were constructed by analyzing solidification morphology as-cast alloys annealed microstructure equilibrated diffusion couples. Six primary areas obtained in projection, four deduced from binary phase diagram. Additionally, three three-phase regions five determined sections. Based on experimental infor...

the flow stress of steel depends significantly on microstructural changes taken place during hot deformation processes. in hot deformation processes, the flow stress of steel is influenced by two main metallurgical phenomena, i.e. recovery and recrystallization, along with its chemical composition and thermo-mechanical parameters. the final mechanical properties of steel are also determined by ...

          USD7 is one of the steel products of Isfahan Steel Company. It is cast in continuous casting moulds and rolled up to a rod of 5 mm diameter. Finally, it is wire drawn up to 3 mm and used as welding electrodes. This steel contains 0.05 to 0.09 wt. % carbon. The acceptable limit of the aluminium in this class of steel is less than 0.003 wt%. Therefore, it is categorized as rimmed steel...

The effect of aging on the precipitates, mechanical and magnetic properties Fe-21Cr-15Ni-6Mn-Nb low stainless steel were investigated. was aged at 550–750 °C for 2 h after solution heat treatment 1100 1 h. During treatment, (Nb, V)(C, N) particles gradually precipitated in grain, which coherent or semi-coherent with matrix. When temperature beyond 650 °C, coarsening rate increase rapidly orient...

Water spray cooling is a technique typically used in heat treatment and other metallurgical processes where controlled temperature regimes are required. Water spray cooling is used in static (without movement) or dynamic (with movement of the steel plate) regimes. The static regime is notable for the fixed position of the hot steel plate and fixed spray nozzle. This regime is typical for quench...

[1] Mixed-layer depth (MLD) is often used in a mixed-layer heat budget to relate air-sea exchange to changes in the near-surface ocean temperature. In this study, reanalysis heat flux products and profiles from a 15 year time series of high-resolution, near-repeat expendable bathythermograph/expendable conductivity-temperature-depth (XBT/XCTD) sampling in Drake Passage are used to examine the n...

An investigation into influence of the austenitising temperature and the austenite deformation temperature on Nb precipitation and recrystallisation kinetics was carried out for a steel containing 0.081C-0.021Ti-0.064Nb (wt. %). The austenite grain structure was correlated to the dispersive properties of Nb atom clustering and precipitation. Irrespective of the austenitising temperature, deform...