CONTEXT Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most common overuse injuries. OBJECTIVE To assess the collective evidence of predisposing factors to PFPS. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE (1960-June 2010), EMBASE (1980-June 2010), and CINAHL (1982-June 2010). STUDY SELECTION Studies were included if patients were asymptomatic at baseline testing (free of PFPS) and were prospectively followe...

[Purpose] The purpose of the present study is to examine the effects of abductor hallucis and gluteus maximus strengthening exercises on pronated feet. [Subjects and Methods] The present study was conducted with 18 adults without no history of surgery on the foot or ankle. One group performed both gluteus maximus strengthening exercises and abductor hallucis strengthening exercises, while the o...

[Purpose] This study aimed to examine changes in lower extremity kinematics in the sagittal plane during downward squatting by subjects with pronated feet. [Subjects and Methods] This study selected 10 subjects each with normal and pronated feet using a navicular drop test. The subjects performed downward squatting, in which the knee joints flex 90° in a standing position. We recorded the angle...

BACKGROUND A study was conducted to determine the reliability and minimal detectable change for a new composite measure of the vertical and medial-lateral mobility of the midfoot called the foot mobility magnitude. METHODS Three hundred and forty-five healthy participants volunteered to take part in the study. The change in dorsal arch height between weight bearing and non-weight bearing as w...

[Purpose] The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of toe-spread (TS) exercises and hip external rotator strengthening exercises for pronated feet on lower extremity muscle activities during stair-walking. [Subjects and Methods] The participants were 20 healthy adults with no present or previous pain, no past history of surgery on the foot or the ankle, and no foot deformitie...

Clinicians frequently assess movement performance during a bilateral squat to observe the biomechanical effects of foot orthotic prescription. However, the effects of rearfoot position on bilateral squat kinematics have not been established objectively to date. This study aims to investigate these effects in a population of healthy adults with a pronated foot type. Ten healthy participants with...

In their excellent paper, Dreher et al. attempt to answer the question of whether their previously described total split posterior tibial tendon transfer (‘‘T-SPOTT’’) works as an active dorsiflexor of the ankle or merely maintains ankle dorsiflexion through a tenodesis effect. The authors report the results of their T-SPOTT procedure performed in conjunction with other soft-tissue or osseous p...