The transcription factor Foxp3 is essential for the development of regulatory T (Treg) cells, yet its expression is insufficient for establishing the Treg cell lineage. Here we showed that Treg cell development was achieved by the combination of two independent processes, i.e., the expression of Foxp3 and the establishment of Treg cell-specific CpG hypomethylation pattern. Both events were indu...

Regulatory T cells (Treg) restrain skin inflammation under healthy conditions and after immune challenges. Adult human contains 20 billion 1-3 are highly suppressive FOXP3+ Treg. We observed inflammatory eruptions in CTCL patients treated with alemtuzumab (αCD52), an antibody that purges recirculating from skin. αCD52-induced eczematous dermatitis had 5-fold lower Treg numbers (p<0.0001) 7-fold...

Regulatory T cells (Treg) are important for immune homeostasis and are considered of great interest for immunotherapy. The paucity of Treg numbers requires the need for ex vivo expansion. Although therapeutic Treg flow-sorting is feasible, most centers aiming at Treg-based therapy focus on magnetic bead isolation of CD4+CD25+ Treg using a good manufacturing practice compliant closed system that...

BACKGROUND Migration of T cells, including regulatory T (Treg) cells, into the secondary lymph organs is critically controlled by chemokines and adhesion molecules. However, the mechanisms by which Treg cells regulate organ-specific autoimmunity via these molecules remain unclear. Although we previously reported autoimmune exocrinopathy resembling Sjögren's syndrome (SS) in the lacrimal and sal...

Peripheral regulatory CD4+ T cells (Treg cells) prevent maladaptive inflammatory responses to innocuous foreign antigens. Treg cell dysfunction has been linked to many inflammatory diseases, including allergic airway inflammation. Glucocorticoids that are used to treat allergic airway inflammation and asthma are thought to work in part by promoting Treg cell differentiation; patients who are re...

We previously reported that Foxp3+CD4+ regulatory (Treg) cells expressing CTLA-4 on the cell surface are enriched in tumor microenvironment of human head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC). Since is a key molecule to suppress dendritic (DCs), we investigated DCs HNSCC. Using scRNA-seq database, found HNSCC contained DC1, DC2 third DC subset expressed LAMP3 highly with migratory mature phenotyp...

BACKGROUND Regulatory T cells (Treg) are present in atherosclerotic lesions and can modulate disease. In this study we characterized changes in Treg responses associated with prolonged hypercholesterolemia and lesion progression. METHODS AND RESULTS Low-density lipoprotein receptor null mice in which Treg express green fluorescent protein were fed a control or cholesterol-rich diet, and green...

Mechanisms utilized by human regulatory T cells (Treg) for elimination of effector cells may vary. We investigated the possibility that the mechanism of Treg suppression depends on Fas/FasL-mediated apoptosis of responder cells (RC). CD4(+)CD25(high)Foxp3(+) Treg and autologous CD4(+)CD25(-) and CD8(+)CD25(-) subsets of RC were isolated from blood of 25 cancer patients and 15 normal controls an...

We conducted an experimental database analysis to determine the expression of 61 CD4+ Th subset regulators in human and murine tissues, cells, and in T-regulatory cells (Treg) in physiological and pathological conditions. We made the following significant findings: (1) adipose tissues of diabetic patients with insulin resistance upregulated various Th effector subset regulators; (2) in skin bio...