Mechanical densification is a process of transforming loose biomass into dense pellets. In this study, a wood pelleting plant was chosen to evaluate the total energy consumption, environmental emissions and cost of pellet production using different alternative fuels for the drying process. The fuels compared were natural gas, coal, dry and wet sawdust, and ground wood pellets. The process model...

natural gas is one of the hydrocarbon resources which is consumed vastly in the world. the asian and european markets, facing with a growing demand of hydrocarbon resources especially natural gas, are the most important consuming markets. hence, the security of natural gas supply is very important. based on the estimation of gas supply security index (gssi), the amount of vulnerability of selec...

gas compressibility factor (z-factor) is an important parameter widely applied in petroleum and chemical engineering. experimental measurements, equations of state (eoss) and empirical correlations are the most common sources in z-factor calculations. however, these methods have serious limitations such as being time-consuming as well as those from a computational point of view, like instabilit...

â â â â â â â â  abstract â  this work was supported by the academy of korean studies of the republic of korea in year 2012-2013 (aks-2010-caa-2101) energy security has assumed newfound geopolitical importance at the outset of xxi century (moran and russell, 2008). diminishing fossil fuel supplies have led to fears of energy shortages, while rapid economic and population growth have fuelled the...

Half of American households heat their homes with natural gas furnaces and 43% use it to heat their water. Hence, understanding residential natural gas consumption behavior has become a first-order problem. In this paper, we provide the first ever causally identified, microdata-based estimates of residential natural gas demand elasticities using a panel of approximately 300 million bills in Cal...

By increasing the extraction of natural gas, its role in the restructured power systems is being expanded, due to its lower pollution. Iran has the second largest reserves of natural gas in the world and exports it to different countries. This paper represents long run analysis of natural gas export from Iran to Turkey as a case study, considering direct transfer and exporting via the power mar...

during the past few years, modeling in agriculture has attracted considerable attention. new modeling methods including neural networks are employed in various industries, and it is necessary that their use in agriculture be also considered. this research addressed the trend of energy use in broiler farms in alborz province and sought to model the trend of energy consumption and production in t...

the performance of a forced-liquid vertical tubular loop bioreactor (vtlb), a forced-liquid horizontal tubular loop bioreactor (htlb) and a gas-induced external airlift loop bioreactor (ealb) were compared for production of biomass from natural gas. hydrodynamic characteristics and mass transfer coefficients were determined as functions of design parameters, physical properties of gases as well...

supply security of energy is one of the main challenges of industrialized countries in recent decades. also, it has been noted that in recent years other countries like new emergence asian countries and latin american countries, have understood the role and importance of energy. however, oil and gas have more importance for numerous reasons such as convenience availability, high thermal value a...